Bilingual children Essays

Bilingual youngsters Essays Bilingual youngsters Essay Bilingual youngsters Essay Consequences of the examination will assist instructors with finding the most ideal approach to encourage arithmetic in which bilingual youngsters will have the option to comprehend and apply outside the study hall. As a rule, consequences of the investigation will help in finding the most ideal approach to show youngsters who are constrained English capable so that these kids can comprehend and apply the exercises with different exercises. Additionally, the examination will assist instructors with preparing their understudies with certainty. In Chapter 2, a survey of writing is given. In this part, the meaning of bilingualism is talked about. Inquires about attempted on bilingual children’s psychological advancement are given. At that point bilingual training is characterized by writing. Verifiable foundation on the development of bilingual instruction (1800s-1900s) is additionally given. The creator additionally talks about enthusiastic, phonetic and scholastic issues bilingual instruction is worried about. Arithmetic instruction is additionally talked about in this part. Hypotheses applied in science instructing are talked about. Critical thinking is given significance in the conversation on arithmetic training. Psychological foundation data on expansion, deduction increase and division is additionally given which gives as premise to the word issues given to the members of the investigation. At long last, in this part, inquires about done including science and bilingualism are given. Section 3 gives the hypothetical structure utilized in the investigation. The initial segment talks about Pask’s Conversation Theory and the subsequent part examined Landa’s Algo-Heuristic Theory. Part 4 gives the strategy used to getting the outcomes required. This area clarifies the exploration plan the examination utilized. Test, test setting, method and information assortment and examination are talked about. The example and test setting for the investigation is talked about in the initial segment. In the subsequent part, the creator clarified the techniques done from the pre-evaluation stage to the study hall setting to the last appraisal stage. The third part talked about how the information was gathered and examined. In Chapter 5, results acquired from the test are examined. The students’ scores got in the pre-appraisal, expansion and deduction, increase and division, and last evaluation assessments are appeared in the initial segment. In the subsequent part, results from the meeting are talked about. At last, Chapter 6 finishes up the paper. The initial segment summed up the principle discoveries examined in Chapter 5. The subsequent part gives proposals for the educators on the most proficient method to show arithmetic for comprehension to bilingual understudies. The third part gives impediments to the investigation just as proposals for future explores that can be carried on from this examination. Bilingualism has no obvious definition yet Shenker (no date) gave a definition as far as small kids. As indicated by Shenker (no date), bilingual youngsters are â€Å"are those†¦ who talk/have been addressed in (at least two) dialects in the home since birth and who are addressed in just either of those two dialects at school. † (Shenker, no date). These kids may likewise be communicated in one language at home however gained (or is presented to) a second-language when they begin going to class. Bilingual youngsters were seen to have less invaluable circumstances than monolingual kids. This discernment was profoundly changed in 1962 by Peal and Lambert. Chime and Lambert (1962) directed an exploration with respect to the reason that bilingualism causes hindrance. Their investigation arrived at the resolution that encounters from two societies furnish bilingual kids with more noteworthy advantages than that accomplished by monolinguals, for example, expanded mental mastery and better capacity than think uniquely (Peal Lambert, 1962). Different investigates demonstrate that bilingual youngsters have predominant exhibitions than their monolingual partners. Inquires about show a relationship among bilingualism and more prominent subjective adaptability and familiarity with language (Cummins Culutsan, 1974; Diaz, 1983; Hakuta Diaz, 1984). Additionally, bilingual youngsters were demonstrated to have increasingly powerful controlled procedures. In spite of the fact that their investigation was directed among grown-ups just, they by and large closed â€Å"that controlled preparing is completed all the more adequately by bilinguals and that bilingualism assists with counterbalancing age-related misfortunes in certain official processes† (Bialystok, Klein, Craik, Viswanathan, 2004).

Resort Reservation System

Innovative UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES †TAGUIG CAMPUS Project Proposal Resort reservation System Prepared by: Matitu, Ruel Llosa, Emmanuel A. MAAM: ANDONG Professor Project Proposal Project Title: Resort Reservation System Proponents: We the Computer Student’s make this Proposal with the end goal of Easy Access for the data of the Resort Reservation. Target Participants: All Customers that Looking for having A Vacation this Coming Summer. Targets: To have the option to make a quick and complete administrations and data that gives your reservation.To have the option to make a Budget prior at knowing the costs and cost that you may pay. Task Description: Resort Reservation System is to have the option to store the data from the client and make them a booking. This undertaking is for the proprietor accommodation, it will help sparing all the data from the costumer into a database and deal with the booking appropriately. Graphical User Interface: + Functionality: Our System ’s Main Function is the point at which we began to Register on our Program and gave all Information, for example, our Name , Age and what Cattage that we needs o Reserved and Use. Our System will as of now make another GUI indicating the aggregation of saved costumer data and when the proprietor needs to see the information of any of the saved costumers it will show a Message Box demonstrating the total data of the costumer. On the off chance that the client needs to spare another booking from a costumer he will simply tap the â€Å"New Reservation† on the menu strip in like manner in the event that he needs to have another request he will simply tap the â€Å"New Inquiries†. It will show how much will be the booking will cost in the wake of tapping the â€Å"Calculate† on the menu strip.All Information that they need to know on Resort Reservation System is as of now there by simply tapping the â€Å"About† on the Menu Strip. We make this System to make our Customer Comfortable before taking up on Reservation. Expected undertaking result: If we achieved to make this Proposal, This task will be utilized to apply it for the advancement of our Resort Management and improve the intensity of Technology. It sounds good to those whom wants’ an association with respect to on business.It may takes of numerous preferences in our Society and life will get simpler to those whom searching for any Resort Reservation framework. Avocation: By Proposing this System, We would first be able to state that the issue is the point at which the Customer is searching for Reservation, By making this framework makes simple for all client to know data about the limit of the Resort by simply tapping on this Program, We can say that All Information that they have to know whether its cost and Capacity of Person’s, they oversee and spending plan before occupying on Reservation Space or Resort. Let’s make Life Easier!

Diabetes Is A Chronic Issue - Free Essay Example

Diabetes is a chronic issue and stressor is one of the components that an individual has to continually adjust. The nurse should acknowledge the stressor because after discharge patients feel alone and they should have proper resources (Husband, 1988). It is also stated that diagnosis of strengths of the patients is equally important as finding the problem/barriers. Strengths are available resources to the patients that are important in overcoming future problems. After reviewing the studies done by various authors it is certain that patients compliance with the self-care regimen can be increased through mutual goal setting and joint planning between the patient and nurse. Self-care is a human behavior and it is one of the vital components of diabetes care. Self-care is self-directed. A research by Surucu, Kizilci, and Ergor (2017) shows that Orems self-care deficit nursing theory (SCDNT) based on nursing education has significantly lower HbA1c scores among the participants with type II diabetes. Thus, SCDNT was a good guide in planning the study and for the self-management education. Another study by Wagnild, Rodriguez, and Pritchett (1987) shows that this self-care theory can also be implemented in acute care and hospital settings. Our med-surg unit will be highly benefitted with this theory. Uncontrolled levels of blood glucose are the basic problem in patients who admit to our unit. Many related to lack of knowledge of diabetes management, self-care deficit of various causes, sedentary lifestyle, food choices and personal belief. This tells us that when we look into a patient in the hospital a nurse needs to take everything into consideration and make a care plan accordingly. Nurses need to be non-judgmental and see what factors may limit patients abilities to follow lifestyle recommendations. According to Wagnild et al. (1987), Orems model may not be useful if a nurse is not able to adapt it to their settings. Borji et al. (2017) emphasize that Orems self-care model provides a good clinical guide for the nurses as a facilitator and change agent on planning and implementing self-care and providing educational support to the patient. Nurses responsibility is to assist patients in self-care through encouragement, looking into the whole person, patient teaching and prioritized early discharge planning. To achieve the goal of self-care, Orem identifies two-step nursing process such as,  first nurse need to identify the deficit, patients unmet self-care needs and then mutually plan on compensating the self-care deficits (Wagnild et al. 1987). According to Skinner, Cradock, Arundel, and  Graham (2003), an open, honest, and complete picture of the disease process should be given to the patients. Along the way, patients should be supported in processing, developing and managing their own diabetes.

Burial Places of Former US Presidents

Forty-five men have served as President of the United States since George Washington first assumed the office in 1789. Of these, forty  have passed away. Their burial sites are located across eighteen states along with one at the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. The state with the most presidential graves is Virginia with seven, two of which are at Arlington National Cemetery. New York has six presidential graves. Close behind this, Ohio is the location of five presidential burial sites. Tennessee was the location of three presidential burials. Massachusetts, New Jersey, Texas, and California each have two presidents buried in their borders. The states that each have only one burial site are: Kentucky, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Vermont, Missouri, Kansas, and Michigan. The president who died the youngest was John F. Kennedy. He was only 46 when he was assassinated during his first term in office. Two presidents lived to be 93: Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford;  George H.W. Bush was 94 when he died in November of 2018, and at 95 years old, the longest lived president today is Jimmy Carter, born October 1, 1924. Official State Funerals Since the death of George Washington in 1799, Americans have marked the death of many of the US presidents with periods of national mourning and state funerals. This is especially the case when the presidents have died while in office. When John F. Kennedy was assassinated, his flag-draped coffin traveled on a horse-drawn caisson from the White House to the US Capitol where hundreds of thousands of mourners came to pay their respect. Three days after being killed, a mass was said at St. Matthews Cathedral and his body was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery in a state funeral attended by dignitaries from around the world. Following is a list of each of the deceased US presidents in order of their presidencies along with the location of their grave sites: Burial Places of the Presidents George Washington 17321799 Mount Vernon, Virginia John Adams 17351826 Quincy, Massachusetts Thomas Jefferson 17431826 Charlottesville, Virgnina James Madison 17511836 Mount Pelier Station, Virginia James Monroe 17581831 Richmond, Virginia John Quincy Adams 17671848 Quincy, Massachusetts Andrew Jackson 17671845 The Hermitage near Nashville, Tennessee Martin Van Buren 17821862 Kinderhook, New York William Henry Harrison 17731841 North Bend, Ohio John Tyler 17901862 Richmond, Virginia James Knox Polk 17951849 Nashville, Tennessee Zachary Taylor 17841850 Louisville, Kentucky Millard Fillmore 18001874 Buffalo, New York Franklin Pierce 18041869 Concord, New Hampshire James Buchanan 17911868 Lancaster, Pennsylvania Abraham Lincoln 18091865 Springfield, Illinois Andrew Johnson 18081875 Greenville, Tennessee Ulysses Simpson Grant 18221885 New York City, New York Rutherford Birchard Hayes 18221893 Fremont, Ohio James Abram Garfield 18311881 Cleveland, Ohio Chester Alan Arthur 18301886 Albany, New York Stephen Grover Cleveland 18371908 Princeton, New Jersey Benjamin Harrison 18331901 Indianapolis, Indiana Stephen Grover Cleveland 18371908 Princeton, New Jersey William McKinley 18431901 Canton, Ohio Theodore Roosevelt 18581919 Oyster Bay, New York William Howard Taft 18571930 Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia Thomas Woodrow Wilson 18561924 Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. Warren Gamaliel Harding 18651923 Marion, Ohio John Calvin Coolidge 18721933 Plymouth, Vermont Herbert Clark Hoover 18741964 West Branch, Iowa Franklin Delano Roosevelt 18821945 Hyde Park, New York Harry S Truman 18841972 Independence, Missouri Dwight David Eisenhower 18901969 Abilene, Kansas John Fitzgerald Kennedy 19171963 Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia Lyndon Baines Johnson 19081973 Stonewall, Texas Richard Milhous Nixon 19131994 Yorba Linda, California Gerald Rudolph Ford 19132006 Grand Rapids, Michigan Ronald Wilson Reagan 19112004 Simi Valley, California George H. W. Bush 19242018 College Station, Texas

Analysis Of The Article The New Jim Crow - 1670 Words

Loà ¯c Wacquant, in describing the current prison regime, defined the current state of Black life as existing within a carceral continuum in which the ghetto is simply an extrajudicial prison and the prison is a judicial ghetto. Frank B. Wilderson would write that the carceral continuum is not an experience of Black life, but rather a condition of Black existence in which the paradigm of the slave ship is remade over and over again in the image of the plantation, Jim Crow, the ghetto and now the prison-industrial complex. Building off this, Michelle Alexander, in her article â€Å"The New Jim Crow, explores how this this timeless paradigm manifest currently, explaining that the manifestation of the prison system is the new Jim Crow. She explains that this occurs through the over-representation of minorities in prison and then their subjection to laws which effectively replicate Jim Crow. In short, the system never died, it just changed. Alexander’s claim for the basis of t his â€Å"new† system is actually less dependent on justifying that there are now new methods of denying rights to racialized minorities (in particular Black Americans) than for the argument that the system did not change, in terms of its mechanisms, at all, but only began to use different words to describe its processes. She writes that: What has changed since the collapse of Jim Crow has less to do with the basic structure of our society than the language we use to justify it†¦ Rather than rely on race, we useShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Jim Crow Policing By Bob Herbert1228 Words   |  5 PagesSummary and Analysis of â€Å"Jim Crow Policing† This article entitled â€Å"Jim Crow Policing†, written by Bob Herbert, is an opinionated article which aims to shed light on the alleged racist and xenophobic behaviors of the New York Police Department. The article was published on February 1st, 2010, almost 7 years ago, which is important to note because of the changing environment that New York is as a whole. Herbert takes a stance against the NYPD, claiming that the officers of the department have â€Å"noRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment have given way to the increase incarceration of African Americans and have allowed white privilege to prevail in the justice system. The social movement Black Lives Matter, although recently acknowledged or recognized, is not based on a new issue but rather an old issue that is quickly reviving due to the injustices Black Americans are facing. In short, social movements are known as politics through other means. They occur when people take to the streets in order to have their voices heardRead MoreRace : Race And Race Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesRace has been a controversial topic for many years. Depending on your race it can be a blessing or a misfortune. According, to articles such as â€Å"Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Race† or â€Å"Race: Is It a Valid Issue?† they all come to the conclusion that race is a social construct because race cannot be determined by genetics or the color of the skin. There is no such thing as subspecies we are all human beings. Yet, for many years’ people of European ancestry (whites) have committed monstrousRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Langston Hughes Merry Go Round1789 Words   |  8 Pages A Critical Analysis of Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† â€Å"Where Is The Jim Crow Section† Langston Hughes (1942) A little boy, accompanied by his mother, holds a ticket as he looks excitedly at a county fair’s carnival ride. As they get closer to the merry-go-round, he anticipates all the fun he will have, but then a puzzled look crosses his face.â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† by Langston Hughes criticizes the Jim Crow laws in the U.S. The justice system of Jim Crow were state and local lawsRead MoreA Cycle of Struggles Endured by the African American Race1301 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of racism and economic segregation that occur within residential areas. This being said, many individuals of the African American race become primary targets and victims to devastating economic and social disadvantages. The articles, Survival and Death in New Orleans: An Empirical Look at the Human Impact of Katrina written by Patrick Sharkey and African American Men and the Prison Industrial Complex by Earl Smith and Angela J. Hattery similarly bring attention to the social injusticesRead MoreThe Case Against Passing a Law or Bill that Would Allow Gay Marriage880 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief s. However, much of the support used to argue for the bills is denying the misconceptions. Since the issue arose, people have come up with all sorts of scenarios and generalizations about the effects these laws would have on America. In his article, â€Å"Arizona Bill Does Not Give Businesses License to Discriminate Against Gays†, Napp Nazworth states that â€Å"Under current Arizona law, if a business wanted to discriminate against gays, they would not need this bill to be passed to do so.†(1), whichRead MoreThe Biases Of The Unconscious Mind1681 Words   |  7 PagesIn this philosophical study, an analysis of the biases of the unconscious mind in relation to the mind of â€Å"others† will be analyzed in the context of a peer-reviewed article on the misuse of anti-depression drugs. The analogical argument of Bertrand Russell defines the example of unconscious associations part of the reason why individuals have a biased view of others, which reflects the probl ematic ways in which scientists are limited in their understanding of different behaviors. One problem isRead MoreThe World s Largest Incarceration Rate992 Words   |  4 Pagessociologists; author of a New York Times Bestseller book titled The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the age of Colorblindness, has her own input on the issues that affect predominantly African American communities. Michelle Alexander has the courage to challenge public figures such as president Obama in his actions and initiatives in helping disadvantage communities; in my opinion, one of the most important points she deliberates on in the interview performed by Asha Bandele in an article featured on stopthedrugwarRead MoreBlack Boy By Richard Wright2269 Words   |  10 PagesIn the autobiography Black Boy by Richard Wright, the narrator uses many examples to display his lack of hunger in the world. Wright was an African American boy who grew up in South during the early 1900’s, a time period kno wn as the Jim Crow laws era. These laws depicted racial discrimination and segregation against Black people portraying racist turmoil in United States history. It was a difficult task for Wright to grow up in the South being an African American during this time period. WrightRead MoreAfrican American Were Enslaved By Whites On The Southern Plantation1366 Words   |  6 PagesSouthern plantation for several centuries until President lincoln won the Civil War and abolished slavery. However, the blacks did not obtain the freedom and civil rights that they have longed for after the Civil War. Instead, they were oppressed by the Jim Crow laws and lived a segregated life. Not until the Civil Right Movement in the 1960s that the blacks finally obtain some of the basic civil rights. Today, despite the fact that America has an African American president and many renowned black celebrities

Associated Violations The Accident Severity -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Associated Violations The Accident Severity? Answer: Introducation There are many risk factors which are present in the transport sector (Gerr et al. 2014). The transport sector is related to the infrastructure related to the automation, roads, flyovers, trains and the river transport system. The risk assessment method is the technique which is used to find out several risk factors which can lead to create several damages in the transportation system. Risk can be caused due to several reasons and there are many effects which can be possible for the risk factors (Baumgartner et al. 2014). There are different types of risk factors like the internal and external risk factors. Risks can also be classified based upon the type of source of the risk. Some risks can be happened due to natural phenomenon and these are called the natural risks. Some risks can be happened due to human made reasons and those are called human made risks. There are also some risk factors which are occurred due to the in the risk assessment method there is also an important parame ter which is used to refer the level of the risk factors (Dingus et al. 2016). Risks can be of different levels like high, low and medium. In case of transportation there are several types of risk factors which are caused due to the different types of the transportation infrastructure. Different industries are dependent upon the transport sector and the risks related to the transport sector are important to be assessed for this reason (Taylor et al. 2014). There are several concepts regarding the risks in the transport sector. Sometimes people think that the cars are safer than the airplanes and the ships (Fajersztajn et al. 2013). Actually it may differ sometimes as the actual safety is dependent upon the degree of risk. In reality the safety is concerned with peoples concept which may differ from the actual concept of the risk. The common risk factors are given below in case of the transportation sector. Reckless driving is one of the biggest risk factor which is most often in case of the transportation on road. Driving over the upper speed limit is also an important risk factor in case of transportation on road. In many cases it is seen that the accidents are caused due to the drunken condition of the driver. Another important risk factor is the bad condition of the road on which the vehicles run. The issues related to the traffic system should also be an important reason of risk in the transportation system. The parts of the automobile whether it may be a car or an airplane are also important for making the vehicle safer. Any problem in the parts of the vehicle can lead to a big risk for the system. In case of improper banking in the road there are also many risk factors which can be also considered as the high risk factors. In case of transport system through the air the main connection is done through the air traffic control rule (Klauer et al. 2014). In that case the communication gap can be considered as one of the biggest risk factors. If there is any lack in the communication system then the whole air plane can be crashed. To overcome those risk factors there are several recommendations which are given below. There are several risk indicators which should be implemented in case of making the automobile sector more secured and these systems are based upon several statistical methods which can be applied in a proactive way. The condition of the traffic system and the roads must be more advanced and well secured for the betterment of the risk management. The parts of the automobiles should be maintained in a regular way. The concern among the people should be increased related to the accidents and the risk factors by using news and articles. From the above diagram it is cleared that there are many parameters on the basis of which the supplier is chosen. The parameters are cost, timing, quality and the services and warranties after supply (Zhang, Yau and Chen 2013). There are several amounts of the percentage which are also important for the determination of the best suuplier. From the above table of information it is cleared that the supplier 5 is the best choice as the supplier 5 provides the best possible cos and the time taken is also very good. They are also providing 100% quality which is the best among all the suuplies. The post sell services are also good enough keeping all the other parameters in consideration. Conduct a sensitivity analyses for criteria weightings adjustment as below If the cost weighting is increased by 5% and the time weighting is decreased by 5% then the choice of the supplier is differed. In this case the cost is given more priority (Widanarko et al. 2014). IN this case the cost has the weighting of 45% and the time has the weighting of 15%. From the above table it is seen that supplier 1 has the best assessment score with respect to the cost. Supplier 5 although has the best assessment in the time but due to the increment of the weight age of the cost supplier 1 has become the best choice for the system. In this case the quality is increased by almost 10 % and the weighting of the cost is decreased by 5% and for this reason the choice is also changed. As the quality had already 30% priority, after adding 10% more priority it is the most important factor and the effect of the time is negligible in this case In this case the quality has 40% and the cost has 35% weightings respectively. For that reason the supplier 3 is chosen as the best option (Sacks et al. 2014). The supplier 4 is also better in this case regarding the timing but as the quality is given the highest priority. Therefore the supplier 3 is undoubtedly the best choice. The sub criteria weighting is also important in this case. For a manufacturing company there are many factors which are taken into account and the main factors are like cost timing, quality and the after selling services and the warranty. The main concern related to the system is that the best supplier is chosen based upon the priority which is set for the parameters (Kannan et al. 2014). In case of the situation when there is a tie among two or more suppliers with respect to the parameters then any one of the parameter should be given higher priority with respect to the requirements and any of the other parameters should be given lower priority. In that case the parameters are to be given priority based on the requirements. The main importance should be given on the parameters which are related to the productivity. For the better choice of the suppliers it is important to make sure that the quality and the cost are given the maximum amount of priority (Kannan et al. 2015). These parameters are the most important parameters which can be used as the decisive factors to choose the best supplier. It is also important to consider the time of the project. It is also a decisive factor in case of considering the best and final offer (Govindan et al. 2015). It is clear that the highest amount of the percentage for all the parameter is important for making the best choice. References Baumgartner, J., Zhang, Y., Schauer, J.J., Huang, W., Wang, Y. and Ezzati, M., 2014. Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(36), pp.13229-13234. Dingus, T.A., Guo, F., Lee, S., Antin, J.F., Perez, M., Buchanan-King, M. and Hankey, J., 2016. Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(10), pp.2636-2641. Fajersztajn, L., Veras, M., Barrozo, L.V. and Saldiva, P., 2013. Air pollution: a potentially modifiable risk factor for lung cancer. Nature reviews. Cancer, 13(9), p.674. Gerr, F., Fethke, N.B., Merlino, L., Anton, D., Rosecrance, J., Jones, M.P., Marcus, M. and Meyers, A.R., 2014. A prospective study of musculoskeletal outcomes among manufacturing workers: I. Effects of physical risk factors. Human factors, 56(1), pp.112-130. Govindan, K., Rajendran, S., Sarkis, J. and Murugesan, P., 2015. Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 98, pp.66-83. Kannan, D., de Sousa Jabbour, A.B.L. and Jabbour, C.J.C., 2014. Selecting green suppliers based on GSCM practices: Using fuzzy TOPSIS applied to a Brazilian electronics company. European Journal of Operational Research, 233(2), pp.432-447. Kannan, D., Govindan, K. and Rajendran, S., 2015. Fuzzy Axiomatic Design approach based green supplier selection: a case study from Singapore. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, pp.194-208. Klauer, S.G., Guo, F., Simons-Morton, B.G., Ouimet, M.C., Lee, S.E. and Dingus, T.A., 2014. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. New England journal of medicine, 370(1), pp.54-59. Sacks, F.M., Carey, V.J., Anderson, C.A., Miller, E.R., Copeland, T., Charleston, J., Harshfield, B.J., Laranjo, N., McCarron, P., Swain, J. and White, K., 2014. Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity: the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial. Jama, 312(23), pp.2531-2541. Taylor, J.B., Goode, A.P., George, S.Z. and Cook, C.E., 2014. Incidence and risk factors for first-time incident low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Spine Journal, 14(10), pp.2299-2319. Widanarko, B., Legg, S., Devereux, J. and Stevenson, M., 2014. The combined effect of physical, psychosocial/organisational and/or environmental risk factors on the presence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and its consequences. Applied ergonomics, 45(6), pp.1610-1621. Zhang, G., Yau, K.K. and Chen, G., 2013. Risk factors associated with traffic violations and accident severity in China. Accident Analysis Prevention, 59, pp.18-25.

Neurophysiology Lab Report Essay Sample free essay sample

Activity 1: 1. What was your ascertained threshold electromotive force?Our ascertained threshold electromotive force at 3 V at a individual stimulation. 1. How does this following comparison to the 1 that was generated at threshold electromotive force? When we increased the threshold by 0. 5 V the tracing was indistinguishable to the original 3 V threshold. 1. What grounds can you give for your reply?There needed to be a more important difference for there to be a large adequate alteration in the threshold electromotive force.1. At what electromotive force did you no longer detect an addition in the extremum of the action possible hint. We no longer observed an addition in extremum of action possible hint at the 3. 5 Voltage. Activity 2-4: 1. What did you detect when the glass rod contacted the nervus? When the glass rod contacted the nervus there was an instant warp of the line. There was action potency on the osciloscope. 1. How does this following comparison with the other tracings you have generated? The tracing was the exact same result as the other tracings except there was no added electromotive force merely the add-on of the glass rod. We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. What did you detect when the het glass rod contacted the nervus? There was an instant warp of the line similar to the line caused by the non-heated glass rod. 4. How does this hint comparison to the hint that we generated with the unwarmed glass rod?The tracing of the het glass rod on the nervus was somewhat a spot higher at its’ maximal extremum and somewhat lower at the lowest extremum than the tracing of of the non heated glass rod. 5. What did you detect when you added Na chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions to the nervus?Once sodium chloride and hydrochloric acerb solutions were added to the nervus there was a warp of the line and caused action potency.1. Sum up your experimental consequences: What kinds of stimulations can arouse an action potency?Any stimulations that can make above the 3 Voltage can arouse an action potency. Activity 5: 1. What are the effects of quintessence on the nervus?The effects of the quintessence on the nervus is that it causes the nervus to hold no action potency.1. How long did it take for the nervus to return to normal?It took the nervus 6 proceedingss to return back to normal. Activity 6: 1. What consequence did adding tubocurarine have on the action potency? The consequence of adding tubocurarine was that it created action potency to the nervus.1. Explain this consequence.The consequence of tubocurarine is paralysing the action potency of the nervus. It interferes with the neuromuscular junction. it interferes with the Acetyl Choline and it depolarizes it. 1. What do you believe would be the overall consequence of tubocurarine on the being The overrall consequence of the tubocurarine on the being is that it prevents the flow nerve cell urges from nerve cell to neuron. Activity 7: 1. Department of energies adding Lidocaine to the nervus generate an action potency? No. adding Lidocaine does non bring forth action potency.1. Explain why Lidocaine has this consequence on nervus fibre transmittal. Lidocaine is a sodium channel adversary that neutralizes the action potency of nervus and prevents the Na channels from opening. Activity 8: Record Your Data: Nerve|Earthworm ( little ) |Frog( medium. myelinated ) |Rat nerve 1( medium. unmyelinated ) |Rat nerve 2 ( big. myelinated ) |Threshold voltage|5. 0 V|3. 0 V|3. 0 V|3. 0 V|Elapsed clip from stimulation to action potential|5 m/sec|1. 61 m/sec|2. 53 m/sec|1. 0 m/sec| Conduction velocity|8. 60 m/sec|26. 71 m/sec|17. 00 m/sec|45. 74 m/sec| 1. Which nervus in the group has the slowest conductivity speed? The angleworm had the slowest conductivity speed.1. Which nervus of the four has the fastest conductivity speed? The rat nervus 2 had the fastest conductivity speed.1. Explain the relationship between nervus size and conductivity speed. The smaller the nervus size the slower the conductivity speed. The larger the nervus size the faster the conductivity speed. 1. What are the physiological grounds for this relationship? The physiological grounds for this relationship are the larger the axon’s diameter is. the less opposition there is for the flow of currents and hence countries can be brought to the threshold faster. 1. What are the effects of myelination on conductivity speed? Myelination speeds up the conductivity speed.1. What are the physiological grounds for you decision?The physiological grounds for our decision is that it provides insularity and allows the current to be faster.7. What are the evolutionary advantages achieved by the myelination of nerve cells? The evolutionary advantages achieved by myelination of nerve cells is that you can pack more power in smaller infinites with medullated nerve cells.

How to Identify a Shakespeare Comedy

How to Identify a Shakespeare Comedy Shakespeares  comedy plays have stood the test of time. Works such as The Merchant of  Venice. As You Like It and Much Ado About Nothing are among the Bards most popular and most often performed plays. However, even though we refer to about a dozen or so of Shakespeares plays as comedies, theyre not comedies in the modern sense of the word. Characters and plots are rarely laugh-out-loud funny, and not everything that occurs in a Shakespearean comedy is happy or light-hearted. Indeed, the comedy of Shakespeare’s time was very different from our modern comedy. The style and key characteristics of a Shakespeare comedy are not as distinct as the other Shakespearean genres and sometimes determining whether one of his plays is a comedy can be a challenge.   Common Features of a Shakespearean Comedy What makes a Shakespeare comedy identifiable if the genre is not distinct from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share certain characteristics, as described below: Comedy through language: Shakespeares comedies  are peppered with clever wordplay, metaphors, and insults.Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy. Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through the course of the play, overcome the obstacles in their relationship and unite. Of course,​ that measure isnt always foolproof; love is the central theme of Romeo and Juliet but few people would regard that play as a comedy.Complex plots: The plots of Shakespeare comedies have more twists and turns than his tragedies and histories. Although the plots are convoluted, they do follow similar patterns. For example, the climax of the play always occurs in the third act and the final scene has a celebratory feel when the lovers finally declare their feelings for each other.Mistaken identities: The plot of a Shakespearean comedy is often driven by mistaken identity. Sometimes this is an intentional part of a villain’s plot, as in Much Ado About Nothi ng when Don John tricks Claudio into believing that his fiance has been unfaithful through mistaken identity. Characters also play scenes in disguise and it is not uncommon for female characters to disguise themselves as male characters. Shakespeare’s comedies are the most difficult to classify because they overlap in style with other genres. Critics often describe some plays as tragic-comedies because they mix equal measures of tragedy and comedy. For example, Much Ado About Nothing starts as a comedy, but takes on some of the characteristics of a tragedy when Hero is disgraced and fakes her own death. At this point, the play has more in common with Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeare’s key tragedies. Shakespearean Plays Generally Classified as Comedy Alls Well That Ends WellAs You Like ItThe Comedy of ErrorsCymbelineLoves Labour’s LostMeasure for MeasureThe Merry Wives of WindsorThe Merchant of VeniceA Midsummer Nights DreamMuch Ado About NothingPericles, Prince of TyreThe Taming of the ShrewTroilus and CressidaTwelfth NightTwo Gentlemen of VeronaThe Two Noble KinsmenThe Winters Tale

Activism and Change for New South Wales Prison in Australia

The proportion of the assaults in overcrowded New South Wales has soared up to 37 percent. Between the 20 th and 21 st centuries, the imprisonment rate in NSW rose by 20 percent. In 2008, the capital expenditure and net recurrent on the Australian’ prisons were noted exceeding over $2.6 billion per year (Butler & Kariminia, 2010, p. 19). The strategies to reduce imprisonment was not being successful. In the same time, the rate of indigenous imprisonment rose by percentage of 41. More than 27,000 people were held in the prison where it could cost the prison $200 daily to keep that particular person in the prison. Back two decades, Territory governments and the states have come up with alternatives in prisoning the criminals. This assisted in curbing the growth of the numbers in the prisons as well as correctional outlays. It is evidenced that these sprouting alternatives are effective in reducing imprisonment which is quite costly. Due to the current developments in Australia, the rate of crime has reduced. The political shift has contributed to escalating rates of imprisonment and introduction of justice in criminal strategy in reliance on crime response (Preen, 2011, p. 66).In the NSW there was the introduction of justice reinvestment. The movement is gaining a lot of traction in Australia. Justice reinvestment is concerned with the advancement of fiscally-sound, the criminal justice and data-driven policies in breaking the recidivism, make the safety of the communities and avert the prison's expenditure (Krieg, 2007, p. 532). The aim of the strategy is to quantify subsequent reinvestments and savings in the high-stakes of the neighborhoods in which majority of the people who are released from the jails and the prisons return. For example; abandoned housing, redeveloping and the better coordinating of services which include; treatment of the mental health, substance abuse, education and job training. In Austr alia, the justice reinvestments strategies have started to gain political traction in the aid of pressure-groups work; for instance, Sydney-based Crime and the Justice Reform Committees (CJRC) which was established by Hal Sperling QC, the retired judge of the Supreme Court in NSW. Eventually, the dominant factors of reducing the rate of property crime appeared to be justice reinvestment, reduction of heroin use, managing the long terms unemployment and the rising of weekly earnings. Due to the rapidly increasing population in the NSW prisons, the stakeholders came up with some ways to reduce this population growth in the prisons. Some of the ways to reduce Aboriginal incarceration rate include; Empowering the communities was one of the best ways of reducing the Aboriginal rates  (Baldwin & Leete, 2012). The empowerment will make the people not to engage in offensive behaviors to meet their needs. Provision of loans to the Aboriginal people made it possible to reduce the crime rates which in turn reduce the populations in the prisons. Aboriginal leadership and Employment are crucial ways for successful reduction of the population in the NSW prisons  (Butler & Kariminia, 2010). There was a strong Aboriginal women group who held a position on the committees who worked as liaison officers. They dealt with the offenders when the police officers were not around.   The youths were trained in horticulture and tourism jobs. These programs assist in reducing the domestic violence rates. When the population of the young offenders was noticed being high in the prisons, the government introduce some passages of their mentoring program and imaginations which include, sport, IT and music. In NSW, the prisoners were given a chance to go for boxing training 3 times weekly  (Krieg, 2007). The trainers were mentoring these young people because they were elder. This changed the attitudes of the offenders and could not engage in crime because they feared being jailed. The Australian state copied Canadian model known as healing lodges. The lodges are set according to the Aboriginal culture where the Aboriginal staff was the majority  (Maplestone, 2006). In the healing lodges, there was a therapeutic treatment which assisted the residents to overcome the driving force to offending. There were also programs for spiritual healing. The spiritual programs assisted the offenders by drawing attention to the Aboriginal ancestors who could bring the connections with the land, culture, and family leading to population reduction in the prisons. To achieve the national agenda reform, the government propose some reforms which will move the mere concept of justice reinvestment leading to the measurable and tangible national reforms agenda. For the government to succeed, it established sites for local implementation (Weatherburn & Corben, 2009, p. 6). The government has set some goals which would help in creating justice in the NSW. Goal 1. Improvement of all the Australian systems of justice in order to deliver justice needs comprehensively of the Torres’ Strait Islander and Aboriginal people in a very equitable and fair manner. Goal 2. Reduction of Torres Straits Islander and Aboriginal offenders, victims, and defenders in the systems of criminal justice. Goal 3. Making sure that the people feel safe in the places of residence. Goal 4.   Safety increment and offending reduction within the indigenous communities through addressing of alcohol and the substance abuse. The NSW correction systems contain two main components. There are about 13,000 inmates on prison side (Hew & Simba, 2013, p. 20). There are around 60 offices on community side and around the estate. The aim was to supervise the offenders in the community serving the court orders from the community services orders to parole. Its main goal is the preservation of the community’s safety through keeping the inmates secure, reducing reoffending and supervision of the community’s offenders.   The corrective Services' need is the provision of education to the inmates, vocational training and coming up with programs of addressing the behavior offending (Kilroy, 2016, p. 8). Corrections system has undergone a significant change because there are government investments over extra programs and dozen current prisons in reducing reoffending and raising standards. There are complex needs for women prisoners. The women's needs are vulnerable and complex in high population prisons. The complex connections between the economic, social, gathered issues and health are brought to greater focus during the process of looking disadvantaged group, for instance, Aboriginal women (Maplestone, 2006, p. 10). Indigenous women are making a high population percentage in the NWS imprisoned women. Some qualitative studies were conducted to learn the needs and experiences of the indigenous women are involved in the criminal justice systems. It was thought that the indigenous women are overrepresented because of the over policing in the Aboriginal community. The sentence lengths were reduced by the license release systems.   There was the conviction of corruption in the imprisonment in the conjunction of the scheme. Due to lack of transparency in the prisons, the National Reform found it challenging in controlling the criminal offenses in the NSW prisons. The Government has set recommendations in advancing the justice issues in the prisons. The government has come up with the establishment of; Rehabilitation centers: It is an essential element of providing safety in the community in delivering an effective response in promoting rehabilitation and reducing reoffending. It has been a key consideration for framing the deliberations of the panel in its reviews of availability of rehabilitation evidence in the current practice. One of the ways to safeguard a community is by imprisoning the offenders. The community as well can be protected by minimizing offensive likelihood after the release. The protective factors when emphasized can help in reducing the population in the prisons. The individual risk involves one avoiding such experiences which trigger in committing a crime. These factors include; peers, family ties, life experiences and the community environment. Risk factors may include; criminal behavior, family breakdown, living conditions and poor health. The government has emphasized more on meeting the basic needs and self-actualization. It was realized that by the government that offending it is not criminal and legal justice problem, offending is also a social problem which has effects and social causes (Vienna, 2014, p. 124). There are some social factors that contribute to the likelihood of criminal behavior. International research has shown that there are strong links between social factors, individual and predisposition in reoffending.   The government has come up with workshops which help in reorganizing one’s behavior and ceasing the injustice ways. Baldwin, J., & Leete, J. (2012). the challenge of an aging prison population. Behind bars, 1, 16-20. Butler, T., & Kariminia, A. (2010). Perspectives and epidemiology. Prison violence, 17, 17-20. Hew, R., & Simba, T. (2013). Barriers to Parole for Aboriginal and Torres Strait. Prisoners' legal service, 10, 1-26. Kilroy, D. (2016). Women in Prison in Australia. Current Issues in Sentencing, 2, 1-12. Krieg, A. S. (2007). health and social impacts. Aboriginal incarceration, 184, 534-536. Maplestone, P. (2006). Ex-Prisoners, Homelessness and the State in Australia. Prison, 39, 1-14. Osborn, M. (2013). New South Wales, Australia. Oral health status of prison inmates, 40, 34-38. Preen, D. B. (2011). estimating the number of deaths among. Counting the cost:, 195, 64-68. Vienna. (2014). Women and Imprisonment. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION. Weatherburn, D., & Corben, S. (2009). Crime and Justice, 138, 1-12

Heidegger and Understanding Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Heidegger and Understanding - Term Paper Example Fear and anxiety can be regarded as pivotal in philosophy, art, and literature; however, fear and anxiety are frequently confused, partially because the two are intertwined. The two terms can be easily differentiated: fear makes reference to certain object or situation, while anxiety represents a state of mind (mood) with its object and/or origin is never concise and is a source of anguish for the individual experiencing the emotion. The paper explores the claim that, â€Å"fear, is anxiety, fallen into the ‘world’, inauthentic, and, as such, hidden from itself,† and formulates arguments in favor against the claim. It is essential to recognize that phenomenological analysis of the form of intentionality that accompanies moods does not simply register a passing adjustment of the psyche, but rather discloses crucial fundamental elements of the self. For instance, the element of threat yields to fear, which makes individuals perceived some places of the world as more threatening, or some individuals vulnerable. Anxiety and fear are mainly distinguished to diverse degrees in psychology and philosophy. Fear manifests based on some danger or threat around a person’s self, whether precise or imprecise, but definitely known. Anxiety, on the other hand, conveys an ontological situation that is atypical to the individual’s quintessence indicating uncertainty or nothingness (Heidegger190). Nevertheless, is essential to appreciate that, the fact that the object is irresolute does not necessarily imply that it I connected to a certain situation. A frightened individual usually acts as per the situation, irrespective of whether the source of the fear is unknown, even in instances in which the case of fright remains tentative. The fact that fear manifests devoid of any distinct source signify that fear avails itself as an occasion of achieving freedom, whereby the context is solely distinct to man. Fear presents man with the opportunity to choose to be

The Impact Of Social Networking On Business Research Paper

The Impact Of Social Networking On Business - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the ever changing fashion trend influences the people around the globe the way they dress and how producers design apparels suited to the prevailing market need. Business therefore is simply a matter of creating trends, understanding consumers and their needs and building long-term relationship for profit-generating activity. These are some of the essential elements that need to be mastered in business, but one of the most important factors that need to be considered in great detail is consumer behavior as it has important business implications (Deutsch, 2010). This reason that for many years, business significantly improved the way it is conducted and it continuously seeks to understand consumer behavior. Today, business is an integral part of the social changes as social networking is developed over time and as found to be of great advantage on business activity. Consumer behavior in particular is integrated in the modern social change. For instance, Facebook as a renowned social networking site is not only a venue for friendship-related activities, but in creating business in particular as it is currently patterned in the principle of how social behavior functions. This is evident in its website where it is clear how each individual interacts with each other with particular messages. Social networking site dates back to its humble beginning in 1971 when the first email was sent, and it remarkably improved until 1995 where online contents can be published with freedom, which brought forward the inception of Friendster in 2002, Myspace in 2003, Facebook in 2004, Twitter in 2006 and in 2008 Facebook bested them all based on the number of users and online visits per day (Onlineschools.org., 2011). This remarkable innovation and evolution in social networking have important business implications and this is the point the proponent discusses in this paper. Social networking Social networking is an innovation in business for the following reasons . The first point is its ability to disclose significant information that would be important to some people around the globe. As a result, it has the capacity to augment an individual’s network of contacts (Wilson, 2009). For instance, a person who looks for someone interested in conducting business may be able to

An Analytical Approach to Truth and Religion Essay -- Philosophy Relig

An Analytical Approach to Truth and Religion ABSTRACT: I discuss some of the problems of the application of the notion of truth to religion. After introductory remarks on the problem called truth and religion to show the peculiarity and the actuality of the problem discussed, I examine the different meanings of the notions of truth and religion, in order to formulate some comments on the different concepts of the truth of religion. I name the main types of religious truth, and consider the competencies of the diverse types of the study of religion to determine the truth of religion, and to analyze how to understand the truth of distinct types of religion. I conclude with some remarks on the appropriate approach to the question of the truth of religion. The considerations show that there is no simple answer to the question of the truth of religion in general or in particular. As it turns out the answer requires some relativizations, among others to the notion of truth and of religion. The notions of true religion and credibility of religion, though at first sight distinct, seem to condition each other. The notion of the truth of religion can be a valuable instrument of interpretation of religious phenomena not only in philosophy and theology of religion, but in the social sciences of religion too. Introductory remarks Justification of a religious point of view usually consists in attempts to prove that some particular religion is true. In my paper I will discuss some problems arising when the notion of truth is applied to religion. I first focus on analyzing complexity and conditions of the question about truth of religion in order to determine various meanings which could be ascribed to the expression "truth of religio... ...uth, New York 1967. Streng F. J., Truth, in: M. Eliade (editor in chief), The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 15, New York-London 1987, 63-72. Vroom H. M., Religions and the Truth. Philosophical Reflections and Perspectives (Currents of Encounter, vol. 2), Amsterdam 1990. Walker R. C. S., Theories of Truth, in: B. Hale, C. Wright (ed.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, Oxford 1997, 309-330. Wiebe D., Religion and Truth. Towards and Alternative Paradigm for the Study of Religions, The Hague, Paris, New York 1981. Waardenburg J. (ed.), Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion. Aims, Methods and Theories of Research, vol. 1: Introduction and Anthology; vol. 2: Bibliography, The Hague, Paris 1973-1974. Whaling F. (ed.), Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Religion, vol. 1: The Humanities, vol. 2: The Social Sciences, New York 1984-1985.

Pizza Hut strategic plan Essay

Executive Summary This proposal describes Pizza Hut and the introduction of a new product called â€Å"The Extreme.† A brief history of Pizza Hut is provided at the beginning of this proposal along with an analysis of the fast food industry. Current trends in demographics and eating habits are included. A SWOT analysis has been done to identify Pizza Hut’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats so that these factors can be taken into consideration in deciding whether or not to launch the new â€Å"Extreme Pizza.† Some of the key elements of our marketing plan first describe the â€Å"Extreme Pizza.† It will be the largest pizza on the market, with double the cheese and double the toppings. We will target the X and Y Generations, which is the fastest growing segment in America. This segment has been successfully targeted before using the â€Å"extreme† angle. This segment is has been a segment that hasn’t been targeted to the level that they should in this industry and we plan on changing that. We have used past financial data to establish reasonable goals for the product and have set limits on promotional spending. We will be using a high/low pricing strategy, pricing this new pizza at $9.99. Our main sales promotions will be offering the Extreme Pizza bundled with Mountain Dew to target Generation X and Generation Y. We will be using direct channel distribution as well. This pizza will be available through dine-in, carry-out, delivery, and ordering on the Internet. 1)Introduction Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost ten years later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ. In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990’s Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated their 40th anniversary, and launched their famous campaign â€Å"The Best Pizzas Under One Roof.† In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut’s market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Domino’s, Little Caesar’s and newcomer Papa John’s. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino’s. However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions, and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies, that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different – different enough that customers will think its a whole new product. For example, let’s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"BigFoot,† which was two square feet of into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big NewYorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Also, a SWOT analysis of Pizza Hut will be included. Identification of current and potential competitors will be discussed in the SWOT analysis as well. Next, we will list our marketing objectives for this plan and our rationale for the selection of these objectives. 2) Situational Analysis A number of demographic and societal trends in the United States contributed to increased demand for food prepared outside the home. The divorce rate is almost 50%, and there is a growing trend showing that people are choosing to get married later in life. Because of these factors and many others, the single-person household represented about 25% of all U.S. households in 1998, up from 16% in the 1970’s. There has also been a trend in the 1990’s showing that individuals are choosing to eat out more often than eat at home. Another factor to consider is the increased number of women working outside the home. In 1998, 59% of all married women had careers. As a result of more women in the workforce, household incomes are now combined and are much higher than previously. According to Restaurants and Institutions magazine, more than one-third of all households had incomes of over $50,000 in 1996. The combination of higher incomes and dual-career families result  in less time! in the home, therefore less time to cook food at home. Also due to higher incomes, consumers have more disposable income, allowing them to eat out more often. However, in the early 1990’s, the growth of traditional fast food restaurants slowed down because the U.S. market had become saturated. The slowdown in growth intensified competition for market share and lead to consolidation. Many chains found that their market share could be increased by buying an existing company rather than building new units. Mergers and acquisitions had a powerful effect on the fast food industry. The top ten fast food restaurant chains controlled over 60% of fast food sales in the U.S. 3)Industry Analysis’ According to the National Restaurant Association, food service sales were $320 billion for the 500,000 restaurants in the U.S. in 1997. The U.S. restaurant industry grew 5.2 percent in 1997. Six major segments make up the fast food segment of the food service industry. Sandwich chains, like McDonald’s and Wendy’s are the number one segment, followed by dinner houses, such as Applebee’s and Red Lobster. Pizza chains are ranked third. Out of all the pizza chains, Pizza Hut has the largest market share, 46%, followed by Domino’s with 21.7%. International sales have become more and more important to the fast food industry. In 1998, Pizza Hut was the number one global chain with units in 88 different countries. In 1990, Pizza Hut opened two restaurants in Moscow where 20,000 customers were served a week, about the amount serviced by 10 American Pizza Huts. As profitable as the fast food industry is, there has always been one problem that many fast food companies cannot seem to overcome. Because of America’s large aging population, greater awareness and interest in health issues have resulted. Nutritional value of fast food is a huge problem. For many people, fast food automatically means low nutritional value. As a result of this, many chains have introduced items that are â€Å"low calorie† and â€Å"low fat.† Despite their efforts, many critics and consumers feel that their efforts were not satisfactory in providing a healthy meal. 4)SWOT Analysis Pizza Hut has many different strengths. Name recognition is an obvious strength for Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut has been around for a long time, and consumers know the name well. Another big strength and even a competitive advantage is the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut’s competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market to many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino’s or Little Caesar’s. Pizza Hut offers a sit-down, conversational type restaurant where families can take their children for birthday parties for example. Pizza Hut’s broad selection of products also makes it easier for them to market to different market segments. However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don’t have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut’s opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty with good customer service. Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success. Pizza Hut’s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, their closest competitor is Domino’s Pizza. Domino’s main competitive advantage  over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Domino’s was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits have been filed against Domino’s in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Domino’s withdrew the promotion. Little Caesar’s is another one of Pizza Hut’s competitors, right behind Domino’s in market share. Little Caesar’s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa John’s, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn. A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone’s competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large ! pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas, Boboli, and Di’Gornio pizzas. 5)Marketing Objectives Being that Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better than average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The pizza industry firms are famous for introducing new products to spark short-term sales. Pizza Hut as stated earlier has been very successful at accomplishing this. The introduction of a product that keeps with today’s trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. In recent years there has been an increase in the marketing of products with an extreme twist to them. Mountain Dew, which is a brand name owned by Pizza Huts parent company, Pepsico, has been very successful at repositioning itself to this segment of the market, which has sparked new interest in the soft drink. Many other imitators have followed in there footsteps and have been successful as well. Pizza Hut has the resources available to research and implement a new product with great succe ss. Pizza Hut is the leader in innovative products and this new product that we  are proposing will surely be a success, given Pizza Huts track record. With high competition from the other top firms in the industry, the introduction of a new product is necessary to keep one step ahead of the competition. We propose that Pizza Hut introduce the Extreme Pizza. This pizza will be larger than the competitors at twenty-inches and have twice the toppings that the competitors have. Pizza Hut will market this product along side other extreme products such as Mountain Dew, to help Pizza Hut capture part of this new segment of the market. The selection of pizza’s offered by the competition have been significantly less creative than that of Pizza Hut in the past and Pizza Huts reputation of offering high quality, new products will allow this new product to move into the market as other new offerings have in the past. With the introduction of a new product, one of our main objectives is to create recognition for our product. Our goal is to reach 85% recognition of the new product in our target market. As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase revenue and profits. With the introduction of this new product we hope to increase the overall sales of the company by 7%. If we can in fact reach our goal of 85% recognition of the product, through a successful promotions mix, then the increase in sales should be easily acquired. 6)Target Markets With the introduction of the Extreme Pizza from Pizza Hut, the name itself is an indication of the target market sought. In today’s world of adrenaline junkies and extreme sports, a products affiliation with the world of the extreme has grabbed the attention of the younger generations. These generations range from the age of 12 to 30. These generations are affectionately referred to as the Y and X generations. For many years marketers ignored this segment and simply stereotyped them as slackers or losers. However, this has not been the case in recent years. With extreme sports making an entrance into pop culture in the early 90’s, many companies have realized the potential for high returns by targeting this highly diverse segment of the market. In America today, there are 71 million Americans that fall between the ages of 12 and 30, making generations X and  Y the two fastest growing segments of society. The overall spending power of this segment is 300 billion dollars a year, with a large percentage of that money spent on non-essential items. The reason for the high amount of spending in this segment has been associated to the times that they have grown up in. Unlike the baby-boomers, there has been no times of risk or economic depression in their lives. This is a generation with a â€Å"spend now, pay later† attitude, which has made for high spending averages on a per person basis. In 1997, The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, found that the median amount of cash that children receive from their parents for auxiliary spending is $50 dollars a week. This kind of spending money that children are given is what Pizza Hut wants to target with the Extreme Pizza. However, children living at home are not the only o! nes to have extra money to burn. A study on the spending habits of college freshmen also indicates a high percentage of money being spent on non-essential items. The results showed that an average of $56 is spent monthly on eating out. This information on this segment of the market, gives Pizza Hut a window to offer a product that will attract these customers who not only have the money to spend on such things as pizza, but who have done so in the past. In the past Pizza Hut has not specifically targeted the younger generations with products. They have created a more generic marketing plan, to attract a wide variety of customers. In order for this marketing strategy to work, Pizza Hut needs to target this one segment of the market. The advertising and promotion needs to be very specific to their needs, in order for the money spent on advertising to be worthwhile. Many products have failed in this segment because they have tried to treat the segment as one group. This segment is made up of many groups and many individuals. This is part of the reason for society labeling generation X and Y members as loser’s and slackers. So with this in mind our advertising campaign must follow the same ideas by realizing that even within this segment there are many other segments. One characteristic of these two generations, that makes them a prime target for our new Extreme pizza, is the amount of time that these age groups spend with friends in groups. With the lack of responsibilities that teenagers have, and the lack of home cooked meals while away at college, pizza is a  quick alternative for dinner, and a fun way for friends to eat together. Pizza has long been targeted to families, because of the convenience that is present when serving pizza to a group. Teenagers and young adults spend quite a bit of time with friends in groups, whether it be in a dorm room or at parties. This gives Pizza Hut an outlet to sell a pizza that will fulfill the needs of this younger generation with a product that is designed just for them. With the total number of Generation X and Y members being so high and the money they spend on non-essential items being as much as it is, this segment could make this product a huge success. However, this is a hard market to target since everyone is so different, but they all have one thing in common, there love for pizza. The most important factor in making this a success will be to design advertising that is able to attract all of the individual segments of these generations. 7)Marketing Mix A)Product Pizza Hut should offer a new product called â€Å"The Extreme† pizza. â€Å"The Extreme† is a twenty-inch pizza with twice as much cheese and toppings as Pizza Hut’s other pizzas. This new pizza will have many different competitive advantages. The first competitive advantage of â€Å"The Extreme† is that it is the largest pizza on the market. No other pizza restaurant offers a twenty-inch pizza. The second competitive advantage is that it has more cheese and toppings than any other pizza on the market. Another competitive advantage is the Pizza Hut brand name. Pizza Hut has built a brand name that means quality products and services. Since Pizza Hut will be introducing â€Å"The Extreme,† customers will automatically think this is a high quality product. The final competitive advantage is that this product will be the first pizza to target America’s youth. â€Å"The Extreme† pizza will target Generation X and Generation Y or people between the ages of 12 and 30. This market purchases a lot of pizza each year, but very few pizza restaurants actually target them. â€Å"The Extreme† will be introduced on Super Bowl Sunday, 2001. During the introduction stage of the product life cycle, Pizza Hut will try to establish a market for the product and persuade early adopters to buy. During the growth stage, Pizza Hut will try to build sales and develop a preference for the product. Pizza Hut will try to seek  differentiation during the maturity stage. â€Å"The Extreme† is expected to begin to decline after one year on the market. B)Price In the past, Pizza Hut has successfully used the high/low pricing strategy when setting the retail price of its products. The high/low retail pricing strategy allows Pizza Hut to charge a price that is above the competition, but also promote frequent sales to lower the price below them. The retail price of â€Å"The Extreme† pizza should be set at $9.99, which is higher than Pizza Hut’s competitors. Several sales promotions and coupons will be used to lower the price below those competitors. Since both Pizza Hut and the beverage Mountain Dew are Pepsi subsidiaries, bundle pricing will be used. Customers can purchase â€Å"The Extreme† for $9.99 and receive a two-liter bottle of Mountain Dew for free. Pizza Hut will be able to sell two products together at a single price to suggest a good value. The high/low pricing strategy has several advantages. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. Pizza Hut can sell â€Å"The Extreme† to the customers who will pay the higher price to be the first to buy and also to the bargain hunters. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. Customers will be able to try something new when they purchase â€Å"The Extreme† and this exciting experience may bring those customers back to purchase other products. Finally, this strategy will emphasize product and service quality. Pizza Hut sets a high initial price for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. C)Promotion The main theme that will be used to promote â€Å"The Extreme† is youth. Fun, excitement, danger, and even the term â€Å"extreme† all appeal to our target market. Mountain Dew, which has already successfully appealed to this target market, will be included in â€Å"The Extreme† promotions. The main promotion will be a coupon to purchase â€Å"The Extreme† for $9.99 and receive a free two-liter bottle of Mountain Dew. The objectives of this promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. This promotion will be distributed mainly by mail, but also by  fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. â€Å"The Extreme† will be introduced on Super Bowl Sunday, 2001, in a television commercial. Although Super Bowl television ads are expensive, Pizza Hut has enough financial resources for one. This commercial will be similar to the current Mountain Dew advertising campaign. Several young people will be performing exciting, high-risk activities such as snowboarding, rock climbing, and bungee jumping. The young people will then eat â€Å"The Extreme† and drink Mountain Dew. There will also be similar ads in magazines that are popular with the target market such as Surfer, Snowboarding, YM, and Maxim. This advertising campaign will create awareness of the new product in our target markets. D)Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer’s home. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order, and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut’s largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. The third method of dist ribution is! online ordering. Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. The market coverage for â€Å"The Extreme† will be nationwide. Customers all over the country will be able to order â€Å"The Extreme† by one of the three distribution methods. 8)Control Stage First, we will address who will be responsible for the control measures we plan to take. The Marketing Vice President in the Corporate Headquarters, the local/regional Marketing Vice Presidents and the Pizza Hut restaurant managers will all play a role in being responsible for the control. Our success or failure will be determined in a couple of ways. One main way is to compare results to our objectives. If our objectives are not met, steps to meet them will be taken in the future. We will also look at profits, sales revenue, unit volume of the â€Å"Extreme Pizza† promotions used. If our budget allows, perhaps we could give a survey to our customers and get some direct feedback about our new pizza. Ongoing research is essential for our success. Since our plan is for one year, we feel that every 3 months we should do some type of evaluation and control to see how we are doing. Also, during the maturity state of the product life cycle, we will improve the quality and distinguis h ourselves well from competitors. Hopefully, this process of control will be monitored on a monthly basis. 9)Summary and Conclusion Pizza Hut has a successful history of introducing new products to increase sales and reach new customers. This introduction of new products to the market on a regular basis is what makes Pizza Hut the leader in their industry. The level of success that the â€Å"Extreme Pizza† will bring Pizza Hut depends heavily on the correct promotions mix. As we had stated earlier, the segment of the market that we have targeted is a very diverse group. This means that the promotion of the product must be done in a diverse fashion. This will result in a more expensive advertising campaign than in past campaigns, but the potential for a successful product will cover the costs and bring in substantial profit. The advertising campaign is going to be budgeted to use 8% of projected sales. We are forecasting that the introduction of the Extreme Pizza will increase sales by 7%. This forecast is based upon other new products that Pizza Hut has introduced and the impact that they have had on Pizza Huts revenues. A 7% increase in sales for Pizza Hut will bring a total of $547 million dollars in revenue, making the advertising budget $43.76 million.  This kind of advertising budget will allow for a mass media blitz of promotions featuring our new â€Å"Extreme Pizza†. Our target market spends many hours a day in front of the TV and computer, so the constant messages being played will allow our product to generate a high level of awareness. The advertising of the product is very important but the promotion of this product along side Mountain Dew will help to put our product in a more specific category. Mountain Dew has targeted our target market for several years and is by far one of the leaders in this market. With this in mind promotions with Mountain Dew will be crucial to the success of the â€Å"Extreme Pizza†. With competition being so strong in this industry the threat of imitation products will surely be a problem to be dealt with. Pizza Hut will however have the first mover advantage with this product. With the entry of imitation products into the market, Pizza Hut will have to adjust its mixes to accommodate change. The promotions may have to be bigger and better than the competition, or the product may need to be altered to give it that little bit of an edge over the competition. For example stuffing the crust with cheese or giving a free topping with the purchase would help give Pizza Hut an edge over the competition. Basically, Pizza Hut will need to remain flexible in the maturity stages of the product life cycle in an attempt to continue to be the market leader. Overall, this is a product that is not much unlike any of the other new pizza’s that Pizza Hut has introduced. What makes this new product so exciting is the marketing plan that is directing the product at a new segment. We are taking a large pizza with a lot of toppings and marketing it as an â€Å"Extreme Pizza† to a generation of younger adults that are consumed by this marketing tool. This is what will make this a success. The mix of promotion and advertising we will be using will target a very profitable, sometimes overlooked market segment known as generations X and Y.

Literacy From The Beginning - 891 Words

Literacy from the Beginning It’s funny how certain memories stand out in your mind. You replay them over again and say to yourself â€Å"that was a learning experience†. But how often do you look back at the education you received and say the same thing. Those memories helped shape my education and made it what it is today. Literature was always a tough subject because I was and still am less than motivated about reading and writing, but throughout my life it has been a learning experience. It has taken me many years to understand why is was so hard for me, but you can’t grow until you know. When you’re young school is all about popularity and friends, but with a lack of word knowledge reading in class, especially out loud can destroy your credibility. I came from a blue collar background and none of my family ever attempted college, so I figured college wasn’t that important. During school, if it wasn’t interesting I didn’t want to participate or take the time t o improve myself. Reading and writing was just another uninteresting, check the block, fake it till you make it, subject for me. I was a slow reader and often times I had to ask the teacher what a particular word meant. What was even worse was having to read out loud in class. Again, the fact that I was a slow reader and I often times mispronounced words caused me to be the subject of reticule and embarrassment. I started to hate reading because I couldn’t do it as well as the other kids; this continued from elementaryShow MoreRelatedLiteracy As A 21st Century Educator1604 Words   |  7 PagesWhen one hears the term literacy, the first thought that comes to mind is reading. However, literacy is so much more. It is in everything we do, from reading a book to getting from one location to another. We often do not realize how much literacy is in every aspect of our daily lives. As a math teacher, I chose to explore this concept as it relates to mathematics. I wanted to gain a g eneral understanding of how literacy is intertwined in mathematics, from vocabulary to word problems. As a 21st centuryRead MoreThroughout My Field Experience This Semester, I Learned1219 Words   |  5 Pageslearned a lot about literacy learners and teaching/learning. From my final tutoring session, I learned that literacy instruction that works for one student may not necessarily work for another and that it is important to teach literacy instruction using a variety of techniques and strategies (Serravallo, 2015). First, I learned how important it is to cater literacy instruction to the individual student. I have learned about many great instructional strategies for teaching literacy but not all strategiesRead MoreStrenthening Early Literacy Skills in Studnets Language Word Recognitio1634 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: STRENGTHENING EARLY LITERACY SKILLS IN STUDNETS: LANGUAGE AND WORD RECOGNITION Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition 510: Grand Canyon University Joanna Martinez September 9, 2012 Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition Introduction When discussing early literacy, its development begins at birth and continues its development throughout yearly childhood years. Literacy is having the skill to readRead MoreWriting And Reading : A Journey Of Many Words1423 Words   |  6 Pagescould say that was the beginning of my literacy. Since those early years I have gained more literacy experiences through my teachers, family, and access to many tools that a lot of children don’t have access to. I was able to get a public school education, which was one of the things that contributed most to my growing literacy. The majority of my teachers from elementary school to middle school and high school helped me to develop my literacy more and more. My beginning years of school, kindergartenRead MoreThe Appropriateness Of Resource For Students Who Are Pre K With Grade With Beginner Intermediate Level Esl Skills1513 Words   |  7 Pagessecond grade learners in the content areas of early literacy and early math. This resource is appropriate for reinforcing specific skills such as letter and number recognition as well as reading practice. For those at the beginner ESL level, audio directions can be used to prompt them along while those at an intermediate level may rely more on their knowledge of English phonetics. Resource 6: Literacy Center.net Appropriateness of resource. Literacy Center.net is an early childhood language learningRead MoreThe Importance Of Early Vocabulary For Literacy Achievement953 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle entitled, â€Å"The Importance of Early Vocabulary for Literacy Achievement in High Poverty Schools.† The article was co-written by Lowry Hemphill of Wheelock College and Terrence Tivnan of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. The article was published by the Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk in 2008. The author’s objective was to gather data supporting the correlation between early literacy vocabulary skills and literacy achievement in students raised in low socioeconomic situationsRead MoreWriting And Reading : A Journey Of Many Words1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthat was the beginning of my literacy. Since those early years I have gained more literacy experiences through my teachers, family, and access to many tools that a lot of children don’t have access to. I was able to get a public school education, which was one of the things that contributed most to my growing literacy. The majority of my teachers from elementary school to middle school and high school helped me to develop and advance my literacy each year I was in school. My beginning years of schoolRead MoreChildren s Literacy Development For Children1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplay a crucial role in the development of their children’s literacy skills. Specifically the article sheds light on the importance of shared reading between parents and children. The article also discusses different techniques or strategies that can be used during said shared reading, in order to ensure proper literacy training. b) It fits in perfectly. The article proves how the family/home plays an important role in successful literacy development for children. Also, shows the reader what parentsRead MoreLesson Plan: Critical and Response Perspectives1164 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch-based literacy practice that I conducted through this course, I gained many valuable insights about how to create a literate teaching and learning environment. It not only enables me to get to know more about my literacy learners but also how to select appropriate texts, include interactive, critical and response perspective in my literacy instruction. Moreover, I gain insightful feedback from my supportive colleagues by sharing my presentation with them. I. Getting to Know Literacy LearnersRead MoreLiteracy Is The Way We Identify With And Comprehend The World1523 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy, in my eyes, is the way we identify with and comprehend the world and the various works of literary value. From the beginning of my existence, I believe my literacy has compounded upon itself to bring me to my present state. I will measure my different literacy stages in parallel with the type of schooling I went through (i.e. elementary, middle, and high school). As my literary power grew, the significance at which it held to me personally, also rose. Therefore, I will be measuring the