Political Dilemmas and the Theories of the German Idealists :: Politics Political Science Papers

Does the Solution to our Present Moral and Political Dilemmas Lie in the Theories of the German Idealists?ABSTRACT In the wake of the postmodernist bombing one thing is certain morality is in crisis. Where are we to smack for answers? Perhaps to the German idealiststhat is, to their bold synthesis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the punctual issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization back into ethical-political discussion. Through a close comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel via a critique of the former by the latter, I show that the antidote to many of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegels concept of the State and Sittlichkeit-i.e., truly understood as the realization of absolute freedom, or the We that is I. In the wake of the postmodernist onslaught one thing is certain morality is in crisis. Where are we to look for answers? Perhaps to the German idealists.That is, to their bold synthe sis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the timely issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization in todays world back into the center of ethical-political discussion. Through a close comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel via a critique of the former by the latter, I hope to show that the antidote to the bulk of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegels concept of the State and Sittlichkeiti.e., truly understood. Namely, as the realization of absolute freedom, or the We that is I.In a recent interview, Derrida was asked the following question We are . . . in a period of highly perfected, nearly consummate nihilism. Everyone is waiting to know where we are going, toward what should we be moving ourselves. Toward what does work such as yours lead?Derrida responded I dont know. . . . I have no message.(1)In the wake of the postmodernist onslaughtor charadeone thing is certain morality is in crisis. Where are we to look for answers? Perhaps to the German idealistsand to their bold synthesis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the timely issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization in todays world back into the center of ethical-political discussion. Through a critical comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel I hope to show that the antidote to the bulk of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegels concept of the State and Sittlichkeitas truly understood.

Summary of KES :: essays research papers

KESKes is a story of knowledge, of love and not just roughly a boy and his hawk, It shows the life of a boy from a poor family, and his sputter to get through his teenage years, a story of a boys life which was planned before he was even born.It all in all starts with a boy named baton Casper, nightstick is the central character in the play and some may say that he is no angel but is he really a villain? He may have nearly knocked Mr Porter of his ladder and he hits Jud when hes drunk but all of his wrongdoings are neer unprovoked, like when Jud steals Billys food and pushes him out the way whenever hes in a hurry.Billy is bullied in school because of his size, as he is a lot smaller than all the other children, he is mistreated by his mother by his fellow peers and by his teachers, but not all his teachers, Mr Farthing is probably the all person that Billy trusts to be around Kes because, he understands, he understands that Billy isnt the sharpest tool in the box and that his bird is the only thing that sets him apart from all the other children in his school. Where many would have just given up trying to tame the bird, Billy has exceeded he is now confident enough to give a speech in front of the whole class because in his mind he is iodine thing that all the other boys arent, he is unique.The story is set in a run down Yorkshire mining town where the best job you stomach get is ending up down dingy old, dark shaft mining.Billys family is broken. Jud, mum and Billy constantly bicker and bully each other. Billy realises that most of his problems come from home and the fact that no one supports him, everything started to go wrong for Billy when his dad left and all we hear about him is that He ere a wrong en . There is no one to provide support for Billy the only person who does is Mr Farthing. Billy loves Kes and she becomes part of his family. It is in two ways cruel that Kes is killed by Jud, who should know how much the bird meant to Billy. Famil y life then is not always happy, but its possible to survive, yet it affects peoples behaviour and attitudes.

Cloud Computing Descends Essay -- Cloud Technology, United States, Job

An upgrade to cloud technology over the coupled States ordain potentially affect its workplace. It will pull to an increase in job establishment all over the world, mostly due to its implementation at various institutions and companies globally and via many other work that will emerge to enhance or regulate this technology. In comparison to the initial machined technology, cloud computing offers instant delivery, simple & customizable usage, easy accessibility, cost reduction, gum olibanum increasing efficiency and demand and its grand range of acceptability. This technology, like any other, also has its disadvantages, though they atomic number 18 seemingly negligible in comparison. demoralise engineering science is creating many jobs due to its implementation at most of the institutions such as the schools, companies, and even the government. This is to save expenses while increasing the overall efficiency and quality of their services. This will led to the formation of various special services such as course instructions and certifications at educational institutions, and new companies to ensure the safety of cloud, so creating more jobs.Even though its critics consider that this technology is decreasing the amount of jobs present in this field, but they fail to notice that the same amount of jobs are required to run the cloud technology and even more are created due to many of the clouds additional maintenance requirements. This is properly affirm through many of the surveys including those of Microsoft which suggest that a large percentage of the hiring conducted by many tech companies are due to the Cloud Technology. The value of this market is also predicted to increase by six quantify its current value.As most people are aware of, there are various possibil... ...T Workforce.ZDNet.com. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.Stallman, Richard M. Cloud Computing Threatens user Freedom and Should Be Avoided. Technology an d the Cloud. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from What Does that Server Really Serve? Boston Review (18 Mar. 2010). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Year for business to shade to the heavens - PREDICTIONS 2014 -. Australian National, Australia 25 Feb. 2014 27. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.McClure, David. Federal Policy Fosters Government Adoption of undecomposed Cloud Computing. Technology and the Cloud. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from Cloud Computing What Are the Security Implications. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Cloud Computing Descends Essay -- Cloud Technology, United States, Job An upgrade to cloud technology over the United States will potentially affect its workplace. It will lead to an increase in job creation all over the world, mostly due to its implementation at various institutions and companies globally and via many other services that will emerge to enhance or regulate this technology. In comparison to the initial machined technology, cloud computing offers instant delivery, simple & customizable usage, easy accessibility, cost reduction, thus increasing efficiency and demand and its wide range of acceptability. This technology, like any other, also has its disadvantages, though they are seemingly negligible in comparison. Cloud Technology is creating many jobs due to its implementation at most of the institutions such as the schools, companies, and even the government. This is to save expenses while increasing the overall efficiency and quality of their services. This will led to the formation of various additional services such as course instructions and certifications at educational institutions, and new companies to ensure the safety of cloud, thus creating more jobs.Even though its critics claim that this technology is decreasing the amount of jobs present in this field, but they fail to notice that the same amount of jobs are required to run the cloud technology and even more are created due to many of the clouds additional maintenance requirements. This is properly verified through many of the surveys including those of Microsoft which suggest that a large percentage of the hiring conducted by many tech companies are due to the Cloud Technology. The value of this market is also predicted to increase by six times its current value.As most people are aware of, there are various possibil... ...T Workforce.ZDNet.com. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.Stallman, Richard M. Cloud Computing Threatens User Freedom and Should Be Avoided. Technology and the Cloud. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from What Does that Server Really Serve? Boston Review (18 Mar. 2010). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Year for business to look to the heavens - PREDICTIONS 20 14 -. Australian National, Australia 25 Feb. 2014 27. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.McClure, David. Federal Policy Fosters Government Adoption of Secure Cloud Computing. Technology and the Cloud. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from Cloud Computing What Are the Security Implications. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.

A Feminist in Action in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Charlotte Perkins Gilm

The discolor Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, depicts a woman in isolation, struggling to heading with mental illness, which has been diagnosed by her husband, a physician. Going beyond this surface level, the reader sees the storyteller as a developing feminist, struggling with the societal values of the time. As a woman writer in the late nineteenth century, Gilman herself felt the adverse effects of the male-centric golf club, and consequently, placed many allusions to her own personal struggles as a feminist in her writing. Throughout the story, the narrator undergoes a psychological journey that correlates with the advancement of her mental condition. The restrictions which society places on her as a woman constitute a worsening effect on her until illness progresses into hysteria. The narrator makes comments and observations that demonstrate her will to overcome the oppression of the male dominant society. The conflict between her views and those of the society can be seen in the way she interacts physically, mentally, and emotionally with the three most prominent aspects of her life her husband, John, the yellow wallpaper in her room, and her illness, temporary nervous depression. In the end, her illness becomes a method of coping with the injustices forced upon her as a woman. As the reader delves into the narrative, a progression can be seen from the normality the narrator displays early in the passage, to the insanity she demonstrates near the conclusion. As the story begins, the narrators compliance with her role as a submissive woman is easily seen. She states, John laughs at me, but one expects that in marriage (Gilman 577). These words clearly illustrate the males position of power in a marriage t... ..., Gilman acknowledges the fact that much reckon is needed to overcome the years of injustice. Through the concluding scenes where the narrator goes into her mental illness rebellion, Gilman encourages women to do what they can to stan d up for themselves. Works Cited Mahin, Michael J. The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper An IntertextualComparison of the Conventional Connotations of Marriage and Propriety. Domestic Goddesses (1999). Web. 29 June 2015.http//www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/mahin.htmGilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. A Feminist Reading of The Yellow Wallpaper. The Story and Its Writer. Ann Charters. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. Print.Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper.Gutenberg.org Web. 27 June 2015. https//www.gutenberg.org/files/1952/1952-h/1952-h.htm

Reading and Censorship of the Harry Potter Novels Essay -- Argumentati

Reading and Censorship of the chevvy monkey around NovelsJ. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series, which prevail reached worldwide popularity have an effect on children has not been matched by any other book. The novels have instigated children to read for entertainment instead of turning to television or exposure games. When a piece of literature inspires children as the Harry Potter novels do, limiting a childs access to the novels seems ridiculous. Unfortunately, this is what is happening with Harry Potter. The books argon challenged and tabu in schools and libraries all over the world because p atomic number 18nts contend that the content is unsuitable. The content, which revolves around a world full of wizardry and witchcraft, has some parents actively lobbying against the books. These parents believe the books encourage children to practice witchcraft. Additionally, some parents do not believe that the novels are an asset to the learning development of their children. For most children, Rowlings Harry Potter novels encourage reading. non only do children read the massive novels in the series, but also they use the Harry Potter series as conduits to other types of literature because their minds are opened to the wonder of the written word. The novels do not advocate witchcraft or evil, which are often the grounds for censoring the novels from children. Different features of the Harry Potter series can influence children with both good and bad consequences. The most popular reasons for censoring Harry Potter is that the books are centered around a magical community. The plot revolves around Harry and his friends as they learn how to become wizards and witches at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Through Harrys adventures, there are allu... ...ult.asp?Page=9-11-2003/FullStory/9_11_03.1st.8.htm.Monk, John. In Defense of Harry Potter. 22 Oct. 1999. Kidspeak Online. 28 Oct. 2003. <http//www.kidspeakonline.org/fighthp_defense_A001.html. Rosen, Judi th. Booksellers Help Harry Potter. Publishers Weekly. 12 May 2003. 250.19. Ebsco Academic Search Premier. 5 Sept 2003. <http//web25.epnet.com.Routledge, Christopher. Harry Potter and the Mystery of Ordinary Life. Mystery in Childrens Literature From the Rational to the Supernatural. Adrienne E. Gavin and Christopher Routledge, Eds. New York Palgrave, 2001.Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York Scholastic, 1999. The Chocolate War surpass 2004 Most Challenged Book List. American Library Association. 2005. 29 March 2005. <http//www.ala.org/ala/pressreleases2005/februarya/2004mostchallengedbook.htm.

Reading and Censorship of the Harry Potter Novels Essay -- Argumentati

Reading and Censorship of the nettle mess around NovelsJ. K. Rowlings Harry Potter series, which encounter reached worldwide popularity have an effect on children has not been matched by any separate book. The novels have encouraged children to read for entertainment instead of turning to tv or video games. When a piece of literature inspires children as the Harry Potter novels do, limiting a childs access to the novels seems ridiculous. Unfortunately, this is what is happening with Harry Potter. The books are challenged and banned in schools and libraries all over the world because parents contend that the content is unsuitable. The content, which revolves around a world full of wizardry and witchcraft, has some parents actively lobbying against the books. These parents believe the books encourage children to practice witchcraft. Additionally, some parents do not believe that the novels are an asset to the learning development of their children. For most children, Rowlings Harr y Potter novels encourage reading. Not only do children read the massive novels in the series, but also they use the Harry Potter series as conduits to other types of literature because their minds are opened to the wonder of the written word. The novels do not advocate witchcraft or evil, which are often the grounds for censoring the novels from children. antithetical features of the Harry Potter series can influence children with both good and bad consequences. The most popular reasons for censoring Harry Potter is that the books are center on around a magical community. The plot revolves around Harry and his friends as they learn how to become wizards and witches at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Through Harrys adventures, there are allu... ...ult.asp?Page=9-11-2003/FullStory/9_11_03.1st.8.htm.Monk, John. In Defense of Harry Potter. 22 Oct. 1999. Kidspeak Online. 28 Oct. 2003. <http//www.kidspeakonline.org/fighthp_defense_A001.html. Rosen, Judith. Booksellers He lp Harry Potter. Publishers Weekly. 12 May 2003. 250.19. Ebsco Academic Search Premier. 5 Sept 2003. <http//web25.epnet.com.Routledge, Christopher. Harry Potter and the Mystery of Ordinary Life. Mystery in Childrens Literature From the Rational to the Supernatural. Adrienne E. Gavin and Christopher Routledge, Eds. refreshing York Palgrave, 2001.Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York Scholastic, 1999. The Chocolate War Tops 2004 Most Challenged Book List. American Library Association. 2005. 29 March 2005. <http//www.ala.org/ala/pressreleases2005/februarya/2004mostchallengedbook.htm.

managed healthcare of the elderly

Changes occurring in Health upkeep delivery and Medicine are the allow of social, economical, technological, scientific forces that have evolved in the 21st century. Among the most significant changes are shift in disease patterns, advanced technology, increased consumer expectations and high costs of health care. These factors have redefined medical practices to fit into the changing health delivery system. Thus, medical profession is Accountable to the society. i.e,obliged to the laws regulating the professional military action.This accountability is usually spelt turn up in patient Care Documents established by hospital associations and medical associations or councils of every country. In addition, medical profession has defined its standards of accountability through a formal code of ethics. There has been a recent significant increase in the number of elderly patients in palliative care units of hospitals in U.S.A and every healthcare delivery system aims to provide the e lderly community in need of many an(prenominal) services including physical therapy, speech therapy and chemotherapy due to many disabling and terminal diseases. But most of these elderly patients prefer to receive their end life care in a hospice rather than in palliative care units of hospitals.HOSPICE A MANAGED HEALTHCARE FOR THE TERMINALLY ILLELDERLY PATIENTSHospice is a coordinated architectural planme of inter disciplinary care provided primarily in the kinsperson of the terminally gravely patients. The palliative care is the comprehensive care for patients whose disease is not responsive to cure and hence are terminally under the weather. In the erstwhile(prenominal) two decades there has been a study of enormous magnitude in the palliative care segment and various factors have been identified like, respecting patients goals, preferences and choices, attending to the medical, emotional, social and spiritual needs of the person, using strengths of interdisciplinary resou rces, acknowledging and addressing concerns and building mechanisms and systems of support.Many terminally ill elderly patients suffer only when they do not receive adequate care for the symptoms accompanying their serious illness. This is significant in the changing health care scenario where the patient is well informed, has the right to accept or refuse a treatment, issue advance directives and even appoint a proxy directive. Managed care for the elderly existence is relevant in the present mean solar day health scenario where euthanasia and physician assisted deaths have found a legal niche as in the State of Oregon.THE MANAGED CARE ADVANTAGE whatever health care delivery system isprimarily committed to the principles of patient self-care on the principles of Dorothea Orem (1971) with emphasis on clients self-care needs. Self-care, according to Orem, is a learned, goal-oriented activity directed towards the self in the interest of maintaining life, health, development and well being. The ultimate emphasis of Orems theory is on clients self care. Accordingly, care is needed when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental or social needs and the health care giver determines by duty why a client is unable to meet the needs or what must be done to enable the client to meet them. Health care of elderly population considers enormous resources of while, energy and money. Hence, every family looks up to any such programs with some faith element.Care of terminally ill population is still more trying for the family in a hospice setting and any hospice setting requires a inter disciplinary care provided primarily in the home of the terminally ill patients. such patients are usually immobilized and it is not medically advisable to take them to a hospital for therapies. Thus, the significance of the services being taken to the patients home, curiously the elderly, by health care organizations is the need of the hour and future with the time constraints faced by many families in the super fast world in taking these elderly people for a regular therapy, the advantages the patients get in terms of pain relief, effective communication capacity and symptom relief.This feature distinguishes the program from the rest of the health care programs that are currently available. The implementation schedule, i.e., the chronological sequence of events and activities that need to be achieved over a defined period of time to achieve the Goals and Objectives has to be defined by the Organizational Structure of the healthcare delivery system which identifies and describes the role of individuals, and their relationships in the system, who are key to the success of the program.THE lossThere is a perennial shortage of occupational, physical and speech therapists in the health care system in the USA. Thus, there is a growing demand and proportional short supply of professionals. Cognitive impairments pose a serious barrier on the reliability of geriatric assessments (Weiner et.al, 1999). Some of these patients may be marginally competent and some may be incompetent. Effects of cognitive impairment on the reliability of geriatric assessments has been studied recently to explore the relationship amongst cognitive status and reliability of multidimensional assessment data. The studies have proved that the reliability of the patients communication and sensory ability are change by cognitive status. Thus, any such program aimed at the elderly population should be implemented with care with documented informed consent.REFERENCEAddington doubting Thomas et.al, Ethics and communication with the Terminally ill, Vol 7(3), 267-281, 1995, Health Communication.Anderson Christina et, al, Continuous Video recording a new clinical research tool for studying the treat care of cancer patients, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol 35(2), 257, July 2001. Astudillo Wilson et, al How can relations be improved between the family a nd the support team during the care of terminally ill patients?. Supportive Care in Cancer Vol 3(1), 72-77, Jan 1995. Barrington Dianne et, al, Facilitating communication and interactional skills with terminally ill patients -Teaching and Learning Forum 97, Australia. Chochinov Harvey Max et.al, Prognostic awareness and the terminally ill, Psychosomatics, Vol 41, 500-504, Dec 2000. Weiner D et, al, Chronic pain associated behaviors in the nursing home resident verses care givers perceptions, Pain, Vol 80(3), 577-88, Apr 1999.

The Kennewick Man is skeleton remains

The Kennewick Man is skeleton remains that date back to over 9,200 historic period ago. The remains were found along the Columbia River in Washington State July of 1996 and since that time, eleven years ago, the remains have been in limbo. The debate rests on who are entitled to the remains and in what context the remains should be handled. at that place are three sides fighting for the remains the scientific community, the Mid-Columbian Tribal leaders and the Asatru kinship group Assembly.Each have arguments on wherefore they should have control and lease decisions on what should happen to the remains. When looking over the facts in this case one thing stands out that cannot be ignored. That one this is a very important archeological and historical interpret and two that this could answer long awaited questions of who we are and where we came from. Something fundamental to all human beings, but since the respect moral and ethical questions have been raised that will define cu ltural beliefs and religious practices that will affect many in the United States.Lets beget by discussing the Native American fight. The Wanapum Band, The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, The Nez Perce Tribe, The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Nation believe the remains are that of their ancient ancestors and want the remains to be reburied.They believe that scientific study conducted or will be conducted makes little of the living tribal members. On October 4, 2007 the Senate Committee approved a bill for the Native Americans to claim the remains. At that time it was the third change proposed that would let recognized tribes claim remains even though no clear genetic connections were made. But on November 1, 2007 federal legislation gave protection to the opportunity of scientific study of the ancient remains. (http//www.kennewich-man.com).The scientific community of sociologist, anthropo logist and archeologist believe this find is important to discovering how North America was live 9,000 years ago. Their belief is that the Kennewick man is more than likely related to the ancient Jomon. They are ancestors of the Ainu people of Japan. This varies from most accepted ancient history books.Doug Owsley, a rhetorical anthropologist for the Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington D.C. has possession of the remains now and is conducing research. James Chatters was the original scientist that worked on finding and cataloguing much of the remains. There were eight anthropologists that sued the federal government for the remunerate to study the remains they include six from universities across America and two from the Smithsonian Institute their names are Douglas Owsley, Dennis Stanford, Robison Binnichsen nobility Steele, C. Loring Brace, George Gill, C. Vance Hanes Jr. and Richard Lantz. Their argument is that no proof exists that the skeleton has any relationship to any present tribes in the Mid-Columbia and that the remains are of European descent.Then there is the Asatru Folk Assembly this group is claiming kinship to the remains and believes that these are the remains showing that there was early migration of Europeans to North America thousands of years before the arrival of Christopher capital of Ohio and that the study of these remains will prove this. A vital key to proving their beliefs they have sided with the scientific community in the battle for scientific study and withal assert the importance to everyone in finding out the truth. This group believes in practicing Germanic and Celtic religious practices that date back several thousand years beginning in Europe. They assert that their decedents are spread around the globe. The name of the group comes from the Old Norse language.Even though there has been overwhelming scientific inference suggesting the lack of traceable kinship to any of the American India n tribes in modern times, the Secretary of Interior determined that a shared group individuality did indeed exist with a small number of native groups that currently live in the Kennewick area. The Secretaries findings rest solely on the geographical context of the find and on oral traditions, while physical anthropological and archeological studies show that there is no biological connection and there are cultural differences amongst the Kennewick man and modern tribal groups. (http//physanth.org/positions/kennewick.html).After reading all of the material and researching I found several facts that I thought helped me to come to certain conclusions on who is right in this fight and who might be wrong. At first when I saw the reconstruction of the skull done by forensic anthropologist, I saw a man that did not resemble native North American Indians. It definitely looked like a man of European decent. I found it problematic that desoxyribonucleic acid could not be obtained because o f the Indians belief against such scientific study and that there were laws protecting this belief. I did learn though that there are some anthropologists that nullify the belief of the skull not being an ancestor of the Indians and found it to be very confusing.I believe that something so important should be studied, but felt that since it was found on government land and there is an agreement that was made between the tribes and government that all remains should be returned to the tribes for burial in their religious beliefs. Since the beginning of this calamity there has been study and research conducted on the remains, which to me should be sufficient data to be produced on what exactly this find means. So why not make a compromise and return the remains to their lawful owners (the Indians) and let the scientific community keep whatever data they have compiled on the remains? morally I feel that if after nine or ten years of study and research that no one has come up with any real clear data, then it good wont happen. I myself find it offensive that the Smithsonian still has stuffed humans in the basement of their institution and that this clearly shows sum up lack of consideration for cultures and humans around the globe. Sometimes mysteries, even 9,000 year old mysteries, can never be solved and we all need to just accept this.Referencehttp//www.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/206-02-27-kennewick-man_x.htm

Analysis of Secure Real Time Transport Protocol on Voip over

Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, no. 03, 2010, 898-902 Analysis of Secure accredited Time Transport confabulations protocol on VoIP over radio receiver LAN in Campus Environment Mohd Nazri Ismail Department of MIIT, University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), MALAYSIA email sheltered unikl. edu. my Abstract- In this research, we propose to implement Secure Real Time Transport communications protocol (SRTP) on VoIP services in campus environment. Today, the deployment of VoIP in campus environment over wireless local area network (WLAN) is not considered on security during communication amid two parties.Therefore, this study is to analyzed SRTP cognitive process on disparate VoIP codec selection over wired. We induct implemented a real VoIP network in University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Malaysia. We part softph 1 as our medium communication between two parties in campus environment. The results show that implementation of S RTP is able to improve the VoIP quality between one-to-one conversation and multi throng holler ( galore(postnominal)-to-many). In our experiment, it shows that iLBC, SPEEX and GSM codec are able to improve substantively the multi group discussion (many-to-many) VoIP quality during conversation.In additional, implementation of SRTP on G. 711 and G. 726 codec volition decrease the multi multitude (many-to-many) VoIP quality. Keywords- Codecs, Softphone, SRTP, WLAN I. asylum AND RELATED WORKS University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) has implemented a real VoIP over wireless LAN in campus environment. This implementation is not covered any security features. Therefore, the object glass of this study is to enable the security function using Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP).We pass on study the performance of SRTP on different codec such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. iLBC is a speech codec developed for robust voice communication over IP, it uses 13. 33 Kbps. It pr ovides low delay and high packet freeing robustness for low-bit rate codecs. SPEEX codec is open source patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. Codec is an algorithm used to encode and decode the voice conversation. Secure Real Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) defines a profile of Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), intended to provide ncryption, message authentication and integrity and rematch protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. Previous work is to evaluate the trade-off existing between quality of service and security when SRTP 6 is employed to protect RTP (Real Time Protocol) sessions on VoIP calls 5. There is no such study has been conducted on comparison of VoIP one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many) performance using SRTP functionality. With its squall of inclusion, innovation, and growth, VoIP also brings challenges. VoIP is not easy to secure.It suffers all of the problems associated with any Internet a pplication, and VoIP security is complicated by its interconnection to the PSTN. A host of trust, implementation, and operational complexities make securing VoIP specially complex. In fact, the same aspects that make the VoIP software model so powerfulits flexible, open, distributed designare what make it potentially problematic 78. Various security requirements have to be met to secure VoIP transmission Authentication, Privacy and Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation, Non replay and Resource availability 9.The threats faced by a VoIP are similar to other applications including unwanted communication (spam), privacy violations (unlawful intercept), impersonation (masquerading), theft-of service, and denial-of-service 10. II. METHODOLOGY We have setup a real wireless network environment to analyze and measure implementation of VoIP service using security function (SRTP) at University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) in Malaysia. This study posits several research questions i) what is the STRP performance level of the VoIP over WLAN based on one-to-one call and multi conference call? nd ii) which codecs are able to provide better improvement of VoIP conversation? throw 2. 1 and inning 2. 2 show the function of VoIP conversation call between one-to-one and multi conference. We measure our voice quality using human perception. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) technique is the best court to measure and ISSN 0975-3397 898 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 validate voice quality between one-to-one call and multi conference call. fancy 2. 3 shows the measurement of VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP implementation.We also test on different codecs selection such G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. III. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Figure 2. 1 VoIP over one-to-one talk This section measures and compares VoIP performance over WLAN using SRTP function. In voice and video communication, quality us ually dictates whether the picture is a dependable or bad one. Besides the qualitative description we hear, like quite good or very bad, there is a numerical manner of expressing voice and video quality. It is called Mean Opinion Score (MOS). MOS can be tested using i) human perception ii) simulation model and iii) automated frame 1 2.MOS gives a numerical indication of the perceived quality of the media received after being transmitted and eventually compressed using codecs. MOS is expressed in one number, from 1 to 5, 1 being the worst and 5 the best. MOS is quite subjective as it is based figures that result from what is perceived by people during tests (refer to card 3. 1). We will select five different users to evaluate and rate the VoIP performance using SRTP and without SRTP functionality. When users cannot get a dial tone or there are inordinate delays in ringing the other partys phone, VoIP performance is unacceptable.Call quality is a function of packet loss rate, de lay, and jitter is typically represented as a MOS 3, 4. Table 3. 1 Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Ratings Excellent 5 (Perfect. Like face-to-face conversation Figure 2. 2 VoIP over Many-to-Many (Multi Conference) conference Good Fair Poor Bad or radio reception) 4 (Fair. Imperfections can be perceived, but sound still clear. This is (supposedly) the throw away for cell phones) 3 (Annoying) 2 (Very annoying. Nearly impossible to communicate) 1 (Impossible to communicate) Figure 3. shows the configuration of codec protocol such as G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX. This 3CX softphone is able to active Echo Cancellation and SRTP. The VoIP experiments will receive two types of modes i) one-to-one call conversation ii) multi conference call (many-to-many). Figure 3. 2 shows the result of VoIP one-to-one conversation. Figure 3. 3 shows the result of VoIP multi conference (many-to-many) call. Figure 2. 3 Measurement and Evaluation of VoIP over WLAN using SRTP Approach ISSN 0975-3397 899 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 2, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 improvement on VoIP quality performance and at the same time able to provide element of security (refer to Table 3. 3 and Figure 3. 5). The significant improvement is GSM and SPEEX codecs after implemented SRTP. Table 3. 2 Multi Conference without SRTP drug user Codec Figure 3. 1 3CX Softphone Codec and SRTP Configuration G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 3 4 1 2 5 User 2 3 3 1 2 4 User 3 2 3 1 3 4 User 4 3 4 1 2 4 User 5 2 4 1 2 5 Figure 3. 2 one-to-one Call Conversation Result Figure 3. 4 Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call Without SRTP Table 3. Multi Conference with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX Figure 3. 3 Multi Conference Call (many-tomany) Conversation Result Most of the users concord and judge this VoIP without SRTP will provide a good quality for G. 711 and G. 726 codecs. Other users agreed and rates 4 to 5 ratings for SPEEX codec without using SRTP during multi conference conversation (refer to Table 3. 2 and Figure 3. 4). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during multi conference session occurs, it shows few User 1 2 3 4 5 5 User 2 1 3 4 5 5 User 3 1 2 3 4 5 User 4 2 2 3 4 5 User 5 1 2 3 4 5 ISSN 0975-3397 900Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 Table 3. 5 One-to-One Call with SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 3 2 4 5 User 2 1 3 2 4 4 User 3 1 2 2 4 5 User 4 2 2 2 4 4 User 5 2 3 2 4 5 Figure 3. 5 Users Rate VoIP for Multi Conference Call With SRTP Most of the users agreed and rates this VoIP oneto-one call without SRTP will also provide low quality for G. 711, G. 726 and GSM codecs. Other users agreed and rates 3 and 5 ratings for iLBC and SPEEX codecs without using SRTP during one-to-one call (refer to Table 3. and Figure 3. 6). After implemented SRTP on VoIP during one-to-one sessio n occurs, it shows significant improvement on VoIP quality performance for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX over WLAN (refer to Table 3. 5 and Figure 3. 7). Table 3. 4 One-to-One Call Without SRTP User Codec G. 711 G. 726 GSM iLBC SPEEX User 1 2 1 2 3 5 User 2 2 2 2 3 4 User 3 2 1 2 4 4 User 4 1 1 1 3 4 User 5 1 2 2 4 4 Figure 3. 7 Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call with SRTP Figure 3. 8 and Figure 3. 9 show the comely MOS tag for VoIP conversation over one-to-one call and multi conference call (many-to-many), respectively.VoIP Conversation over Multi Conference Call Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 2. 5, 3. 5 for G. 726, 1 for GSM, 2. 1 for iLBC and 4. 5 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 and G. 726 are decreased the ratings approximately 1 to 2. 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs show the average MOS score are 3. 5, 4. 5 and 5. GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codec show the increasing of VoIP performance after implemented SRTP (ref er to Figure 3. 8). VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call Before implemented SRTP, the average MOS score for G. 711 is 1. , 1. 4 for G. 726, 1. 8 for GSM, 3. 5 for iLBC and 4. 2 for SPEEX. After implemented SRTP, the average MOS score shows the significant improvement for G. 711, G. 726, GSM, iLBC and SPEEX codecs. Therefore, implementation of SRTP can improve the VoIP quality performance for one-to-one call over WLAN (refer to Figure 3. 9). Figure 3. 6 Users Rate VoIP for One-to-One Call without SRTP ISSN 0975-3397 901 Mohd Nazri Ismail / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 03, 2010, 898-902 dependency conditions that could influence voice quality.Future work, we will flourish our experiment on VoIP over VPN implementation in Campus environment. References 1. Moura N. T. Vianna B. A. Albuquergue C. V. N Rebello V. E. F & Boeres C. MOS-Based Rate Adaption for VoIP Sources. IEEE International Conference on Communication, pp. 628-633, 20 07. 2. Masuda M. & Ori K. Delay Variation Metrics for name and address Quality Estimation of VoIP. Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEIC) Technical Report, Vol. 101(11), pp. 101-106, 2001. 3. R. G. Cole & J. H. Rosenbluth. Voice over IP Performance Monitoring. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Rev.Vol. 31(2), pp. 9-24, 2001. 4. L. peal & R. Goubran. Speech Quality Prediction in VoIP Using the Extended e-Model. Global Telecommunication Conference, GLOBECOM 03. IEEE, Vol. 7, pp. 3974-3978, 2003. 5. Alexandre P. Edjair M. & Edjard M. Analysis of the Secure RTP Protocol on Voice over Wireless Networks using Extended MedQoS. Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 86 87, 2009. 6. M. Baugher, D. McGrew, M. Naslund, E. Carrara, & K. Norrman. The Secure Real- Time Transport Protocol (SRTP). RFC 3711 (Proposed Standard), March 2004. 7 Douglas C. Sicker & Tom L. VoIP Security Not an rethink, FEATURE Q focus Voice Over IP, Vol. 2(6), pp. 56-64, 2004. 8 Vesselin I. , Theodor T. , & Amdt T. Experiences in VoIP telephone network security policy at the University of Applied Sciences (FHTW) Berlin, Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computer systems and technologies, Bulgaria, Vol. 285(3), 2007. 9 Wafaa B. D. , Samir T. , & Carole B. Critical vpn security analysis and new approach for securing voip communications over vpn networks, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless multimedia networking and performance modelling,Chania, Crete Island, Greece, pp. 2-96, 2007. 10 Nekita A. C. , & Chhabria S. A. Multiple design patterns for voice over IP security, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, Mumbai, India, pp. 530 534, 2009. Figure 3. 8 VoIP Conversation over Multi Conference Call over WLAN Figure 3. 9 VoIP Conversation over One-to-One Call over WLAN IV. CONCLUSION AND future(a) WORK Based on the results, implementation of SRTP using GS M, iLBC and SPEEX codecs are able to generate high quality of VoIP conversation WLAN for one-to-one conversation and multi conference call (many-to-many).After implemented SRTP for multi conference call (many-to-many), the MOS result indicates that G. 711 and G. 726 codec will decrease the performance of VoIP conversation over WLAN. Overall of our finding, it confirms that enable SRTP will improve and gain the quality of one-to-one VoIP conversation and VoIP over multi conference call (only for iLBC, GSM and SPEEX codecs). Since the manual/human MOS tests are quite subjective and less than productive in many ways, there are nowadays a number of software tools that carry out automated MOS testing in a VoIP deployment.Although they lack the human touch, the good thing with these tests is that they take into account all the network ISSN 0975-3397 902 Copyright of International Journal on Computer Science & Engineering is the property of Engg Journals Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holders express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

Behaviour Change Model-Reflection

I chose this tact as I believed my diet was occupying my requirements for both big and microinstructions and was closely aligned with recommended servings in The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. (1) upon reflection of the first days forage record, I saw that my diet was inadequate. I was non meeting the serving suggestions for most of the food groups and I was lacking in atomic number 20 and iron. So, the next day I concentrated on hitting the targets for calcium and weightlift. It was a full day of classes at University, so I had to make sure I ate a lunch that was rich In Iron and had servings from the required food groups. ) usually when I have a full day at university, Ill have a large breakfast at home and if I do eat between classes, it will be a piece of fruit. I chose a lamb and lentil curry, which is high in iron and also contains calcium. After eating I felt very full and did non enjoy the meal. By dinner metre I was still full and not looking forward to dinner, but knew that there were still nutrients I needed to consume and food groups I had to have serves from. Before merchantman that day I felt very uncomfortable as If I had eaten far too much food.But everything I ate was In line with The Australian Gulled to Healthy(l) eating as well as the Nutrient Reference Values set out in Australian guidelines for pregnant women. (2) On Friday I woke archaean in the morning for work and had a family wedding in the evening. I was unable to eat anything for most of that day as it was so busy. For the first time since starting the diet, I thought about alcohol as it was being served all around me and I was constantly asked by staff and family if I precious a drink.Having to politely say no to people all night and explaining to family members hat I wasnt actually pregnant, was difficult and frustrating. Influencing factors The reason I decided to not pro-actively ensure that my diet met the requirements for a pregnant female, was because I truly b elieved by eliminating foods that were a potential source of listener, mercury, vitamin A, alcohol and caffeine, my diet would closely meet the inevitable guidelines. My theory was incorrect and I realize that to meet these requirements I would need to do a lot of planning and pre preparation of meals and find times to eat them.The external factors that influenced my decision making were environmental and physical. I ate what was available at the time and was limited by this. Alternative strategy and when. By not taking a proactive approach to your daily menu, it is left up to what is available in fast food options, which are often large greasy meals that you cannot be sure of preparation and ingredients. Learning To meet the necessary requirements, a pregnant woman needs to eat a large amount of food and plan and pre prepare meals.

Ethan Frome and Feminism Essay

Ethan Frome is the main field of honor of the book Ethan Frome. Ethans wife Zeena from Ethan Frome represents middle class women. For a pine time, mixer theatrical roles of women in the society and within the family were limited by gender stereocases and social norms dominated since prehi fib in a myriad of cultures. These norms were closely affiliated and influenced by class location of women and their social status. The following paper will commission on the main timbres Zeena, Mattie and Ethan of Ethan Frome and their presentation as literary characters and their attri exceptes of the real terra firma struggle for womens rightist movement.It is with Zeena and Mattie that the report hinges upon an idea of the keepstyle of women during this time occlusive and the needs which they staunched done patriarchy. The paper will focus on how the values of this time period did not leave room for independent women and the reaction of women to this societal assignment will also b e analyzed. In the work, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton the author explores questions c erstwhilerning the role of social class and social position in life of ordinary people especially in indite to the gap between women and men in reference to equality.The female characters atomic number 18 influenced by false social values and traditions accepted by societys mores, but their a wake up is caused by different events and life circumstances, so they choose different methods to resist social oppression and tyranny. The dissection of womens social roles and their ability to traverse these roles will be examined through character abridgment of the literature mentioned. Ethans twaddle is told, or discovered by the reader when the narrator becomes fascinated by the history of this lone man who comes into town to tack up mail.Interest sparks greater when the silent ride to Corbury Flats is bridged by a hint or two of what Ethan lived, or had done in his life. There are elements of femini sm in this book as they relate to the potence of the women of the story, such as Mattie. The main focus of this paper will explore the dual role of feminism and strength of the women through love. A snow storm comes which permits the narrator to spend the night at the Frome farm. Here the reader is shown the complete past of Ethan Frome as told by Mattie in the kitchen.Mattie and Ethan had a forbidden love because Ethan was married at the time of their tryst. Ethan was married to a charr named Zeena and Ethan was logical with himself and thought that it would be purify to run away with , and as Lawson states, The warmth of the evening is brought to an apprehensive end by the accidental breaking of one of Zeenas sacred, neer-used pickle-dishes. That the pickle-dish, a wedding gift, has never been used makes it a strong symbol of Zeena herself, who prefers not to take part in life.The depth of Zeenas reaction to its universe broken is revealed by her angrily twitching lips and by two small tears on her lashless lids. (Lawson 30). And their love could flourish outside of the watchful eye of his wife. Their fate together however was doomed. ane winter night when the moon was high in the sky, in desperation for fear of dying slowly without separatelyother Ethan and Mattie decided a double suicide would be a better fate and symbol of their love. Here certain feminism elements in the story can be examined such as the lack of strength in the character Mattie, but as critic R.Baird Shuman states, there is probably no more pervasive single element in Ethan Frome than the symbolism. Although Mattie loves Ethan, she does not set about to ask Ethan for a divorce from his wife, but her logical thought pattern suggests to there that suicide is the answer for both of them. There is a definite castration in this action as it does not allow the lovers to actually be together in a life, but rather to die dramatically and when this type of death is decided upon it is pu rely an act of attention to say to the world, or to Zeena that they are better transfer dead than with her in their lives.Thus, the act of suicide is not a strong feminist action but merely a cowards way out of a live neither of them want, without each other nor understand. The suicide attempt is done by sleigh riding into a tree together. The plan ultimately and tragically fails and they live with Zeena where the narrator finds them. It seems that the real feminist in the novel is Zeena. Despite the fact that she was abandoned by her husband for his new lover, and in the fact that she takes both of them back in, her strength as a character comes through.Ethan Frome was a strong young man doing what he thought was right. It was a sad thing that he married Zeena but then he wouldnt put on met Mattie. Ethan is an upright man with enough loyalty to love to end life with love and enough honor toward marriage to not run off like he was going to do. Ethan was a man with few woes but th e ones he did have were seemingly too large to bear. How could he live without his love, but in living at all live being changed by guilt to his wife.He was a sad man that life couldnt do without because it made him live through the torment of having a faithful wife, this is what Kenneth Bernard speaks of when he mentions true dimensions. These true dimensions center around the revelation of character through adorn such as the snow as a symbol of things being dormant between Frome and his wife. Although Ethan was an honorable man there does seem to be a striking difference between Zeenas honor and Ethans honor could both of them be considered feminist?Feminism is not an theory based in the first place on the injustices done to women, but is in fact a statement that women have had injustices done to them, and there is finally action and unification among women and men to checker such actions. So, the question becomes how is Whartons book about feminism. The concept of feminism in Ethan Frome is arranged around how the characters react with one another. Zeena is a strong willed woman who does not cheat on her husband and thus is an upright and outstanding wife, except for the fact that Ethan is not in love with her.Zeena does not appear to have any character flaws, but she does seem to be overbearing in parts, unless that is the impression the other characters want to give of her. However, it does seem that the characters only exhibit qualities of feminism during parts of the book. It may safely be surmised that Zeena was only a faithful wife out of spite. She used her faithfulness as a weapon to hurl into Ethans face to keep him chained to her. Zeena was a typical wanna be invalid Complaining about anything for attention and if someone found something to be serious at she despised that thing and that person.She cherished to be the perfect Christian girl and be good to Ethan and Mattie just so that the town would feel unsound for her and say what a splend id woman she was to be kid to such a vile husband. She wanted that glory, thus although she was a strong woman in her own character this strength was a curse to those around her. The debate then is, is Zeena feminist or just a spiteful woman. Her husband cheats on her, tries to kill himself with his lover, and she takes him back and nurses Mattie.This may seem like a genuinely good woman according to this unbiased facts, however, it is in Zeenas reaction wherein lies the true character. This type of characterization does not have to be with patriarchy or developing an equality among women and men but facing the fact of Zeenas low character in the reasons that she allows Ethan and Mattie back in the home. Therefore, although Zeena is a very strong female character there is no reason except a egoistic reason of propriety to allow her husband back in the home, and this is not a feminist woman.Matties character can best be depict as sweet, loving, and at least trying to do something nice. She puts up with Zeena silently which is more than what approximately of the women in the novel could have done. She did what love, or what she love wanted her to do and be, a silent woman. A simple country girl looing for a life to live with someone she cares about. Thus, here is the counter to Zeenas character. Mattie is not a strong character, so love for her does not prove that she is strong but rather weak since her escape is suicide.She does not stand up to Zeena in any way in the beginning or middle of the novel and thus her character is even further away from being considered a feminist than Zeena. In view of this comparison Mattie is not a feminist but Zeena would be considered one, only in comparison with one another. Mattie is a silent woman, she does not challenge what Ethan says to her, she does not voice her own opinion, and she goes along with Ethans suicide attempt without a word of complaint or counteraction. Almost the entire story is told in the kitchen, wh ich in a patriarchal society is considered the womans part of the house.Although most people attribute womens liberation to Betty Friedans wakening book Feminine Mystique the dates of womens freedoms go as far back as 1848. During the freedoms ferment era, women were contributing their time and ideas to many movements. sensation such movement included greater power for women. During the late 19th century women were not well accepted or permitted to hold positions of power in any political regime. Their daily duties consisted of housework, and motherly duties not to say that women were not including themselves in political venture, but the common belief of womens place being in the home was widespread.Thus, it seems that the focus of the book should not be on Ethan Frome but these two female characters. The emotional entanglement of Edith Whartons characters to their situations of love, sex and death, the pragmatism for the story is one, is the complete circle of the other, and for Wharton this circle represents the emotions of the characters themselves in their unique situation, as Kuribayashi writes, erotic impulses are often born of close encounters with death, either ones own or that of a loved one, though contact with death may also quench ones sexual urges.In addressing these topics the subject of writing style isnt elusive to its relevance in feminism. It is in postmodern feminism style that Wharton writes. This style of writing begets the transcendence of female writers and characters into a world where not necessarily control but freedom from man exists. This is how Wharton writes, with patches of reality mixed with cerebral counterparts. Whartons writing style does not glint a precise example of postmodernism but a hybrid form of it with feminism.She doesnt write disjointedly but when looked at as a whole, her story comes together to reveal Ethan Frome as a patriarch of the story despite his honor and Mattie as the typical silent woman and Zeena as the witch of the story, and their story is quilted together with a basis of shared visualises coupled with various reactions. Whartons style of writing is one that isnt intrusive as most postmodern writing reflects but is inclusive allowing the reader to form a cohesive viewpoint once each side of the story is known. Wharton doesnt focus on the complete picture but the experience and emotional narration of the characters experiences.For these issues the inclusion of Wharton in a literary canon involves this archives style which is very avant-garde and deserves recognition in her ingenuity and preference for that state of emotional landscaping (for it is through the details of the lives and events of these women and Ethan that the quilting effect or common thread is revealed). This is the new literary canon as derived from Munro feminist postmodernism. This metaphoric approach to writing ensures that her craft trys reference to feminism for each of these three characters. In this the narrative gives space to the characters desires.For Wharton, these desires arent about love necessarily but about being touched and gaining experience and not being lonely as Ethan seems to be. The true genius in Whartons new literary canon is that of upsetting the normal devices of narrative. As Nunes states, As a metaphor for narrative, quilting/piecing destabilizes notions of unity, coherence, and balance it becomes a source of disruption for patriarchal narrative structure (1997). The style of piecing together a story becomes in this new tradition of a canon a feminine aspect. Wharton works her writing style in metaphor.In Ethan Frome each character circles around to the coterminous until they complete eachother, despite this circle having a negative connotation. Her writing style doesnt necessitate an attachement between the characters but does give concord to their actions. The capacity Edith Wharton has to deliver a unique and persistent narrative exudes her place in th e literary canon and the new definitions she lends to it. Her style of writing, at once reflecting her life and at once giving the reader clear identities to the characters and their emotional attachments to each other or to their own experiences makes Edith Wharton a literary genius.It is her writing wit, intelligence, eroticism and her complexities in dealing with these issues through characters and personal development that contribute to the changing face of feminist postmodernism. The association the main characters have with each other and their identities is what makes this story intriguing in a feminist way, and their identities seem to be lost with one another as the story progresses is definitely felt. Through lack of communication between the genders, the characters find themselves intent with one another.

Foundation and Empire 19. Start Of The Search

The l mavenly planet, harbor just now planet of an only sun of a Galactic Sector that trailed raggedly off into intergalactic vacuum was on a lower floor siege.In a strictly military sense, it was certainly down the stairs siege, since no atomic number 18a of space on the Galactic side still than twenty parsecs distance was issueside range of the Mules advance bases. In the four months since the shattering fall of the invertebrate foot, Havens communications had fallen apart like a spiderweb to a lower place the razors edge. The ships of Haven converged inwards upon the home world, and only Haven itself was now a fighting base.And in other respects, the siege was even closer for the shrouds of helplessness and assign had already invadedBayta plodded her way down the pink-waved aisle past the rows of milky plastic-topped t satisfactorys and found her seat by blind reckoning. She eased on to the high, armless chair, answered half-heard greetings mechanically, rubbed a weari ly-itching fondness with the back of a weary hand, and reached for her menu.She had condemnation to register a violent mental reaction of distaste to the pronounced presence of various cultured-fungus dishes, which were considered high delicacies at Haven, and which her Foundation taste found highly inedible and then(prenominal) she was aware of the sobbing near her and looked up.Until then, her notice of Juddee, the plain, snub-nosed, indifferent blonde at the dining whole of measurement diagonally across had been the superficial one of the nonacquaintance. And now Juddee was crying, morseling woefully at a moist handkerchief, and choking back sobs until her complexion was blotched with great(p) red. Her shapeless radiation-proof costume was thrown back upon her shoulders, and her transparent face shield had tumbled frontwards into her dessert, and in that respect remained.Bayta joined the three girls who were taking turns at the eternally utilise and eternally inefficaci ous remedies of shoulder-patting, hair-smoothing, and incoherent murmuring.Whats the matter? she whispered.One turned to her and shrugged a discreet, I dont know. Then, feeling the inadequacy of the gesture, she pulled Bayta aside.Shes had a hard day, I guess. And shes worrying astir(predicate) her husband.Is he on space patrol?Yes.Bayta reached a friendly hand out to Juddee.Why dont you go home, Juddee? Her voice was a cheerfully businesslike misdemeanor on the soft, flabby inanities that had preceded.Juddee looked up half in resentment. Ive been out at a time this week already-Then youll be out twice. If you try to stay on, you know, youll honorable be out three days next week so going home now amounts to patriotism. Any of you girls work in her department? Well, then, look you fuck off care of her card. Better go to the washroom first, Juddee, and get the peaches and cream back where it belongs. Go ahead ShooBayta returned to her seat and took up the menu again with a sat urnine relief. These moods were contagious. One weeping girl would necessitate her entire department in a frenzy these nerve-torn days.She made a distasteful decision, pressed the correct buttons at her elbow and put the menu back into its niche.The tall, dark girl opposite her was saying, Isnt much any of us can do except cry, is there?Her surprisingly full lips scarcely moved, and Bayta noticed that their ends were carefully touched to exhibit that artificial, just-so half-smile that was the current last word in sophistication.Bayta investigated the insinuating thrust contained in the words with lashed eyes and welcomed the enjoyment of the arrival of her lunch, as the tile-top of her unit moved inward and the food lifted. She tore the wrappings carefully off her cutlery and handled them gingerly till they cooled.She said, Cant you think of anything else to do, Hella?Oh, yes, said Hella. I can She flicked her cigarette with a casual and expert finger-motion into the little reces s provided and the tiny flash caught it before it hit shallow bottom.For instance, and Hella clasped slender, well-kept hands under her chin, I think we could make a very nice arrangement with the Mule and stop all this nonsense. But then I dont have the uh facilities to argue to get out of places quickly when the Mule takes all over.Baytas clear forehead remained clear. Her voice was decrepit and indifferent. You dont happen to have a brother or husband in the fighting ships, do you?No. All the more credit that I throw no reason for the sacrifice of the brothers and husbands of others.The sacrifice allow for come the more surely for surrender.The Foundation surrendered and is at peace. Our men are away and the Galaxy is against us.Bayta shrugged, and said sweetly, Im afraid it is the first of the pair that bothers you. She returned to her vegetable platter and ate it with the dank realization of the silence about her. No one in ear-shot had cared to answer Hellas cynicism.Sh e left quickly, after stabbing at the button which cleared her dining unit for the next shifts occupant.A new girl, three seats away, stage-whispered to Hella, Who was she?Hellas mobile lips curled in indifference. Shes our coordinators niece. Didnt you know that?Yes? Her eyes sought out the last glimpse of disappearing back. Whats she doing here?Just an assembly girl. Dont you know its fashionable to be patriotic? Its all so democratic, it makes me retch.Now, Hella, said the plump girl to her right. Shes never pulled her uncle on us yet. Why dont you lay off?Hella ignored her neighbor with a glazed sweep of eyes and lit another cigarette.The new girl was listening to the yack away of the bright-eyed accountant opposite. The words were coming quickly,-and shes supposed to have been in the Vault actually in the Vault, you know when Seldon spoke and they say the mayor was in effervescing furies and there were riots, and all of that sort of thing, you know. She got away before the Mule landed, and they say she had the most tha-rilling escape had to go through the blockade, and all and I do peculiarity she doesnt write a book about it, these war books being so popular these days, you know. And she was supposed to be on this world of the Mules, too Kalgan, you know and-The time bell shrilled and the dining room emptied slowly. The accountants voice buzzed on, and the new girl interrupted only with the conventional and wide-eyed, Really-y-y-y? at appropriate points.The huge cave easygoings were being protect group-wise in the gradual descent towards the darkness that meant sleep for the righteous and hard-working, when Bayta returned home.Toran met her at the door, with a slice of buttered bread in his hand.Whereve you been? he asked, food-muffled. Then, more clearly, Ive got a dinner of sorts rassled up. If it isnt much, dont blame me.But she was circling him, wide-eyed. Torie Wheres your uniform? What are you doing in civvies?Orders, Bay. Randu is hole d up with Ebling Mis right now, and what its all about, I dont know. So there you have everything.Am I going? She moved towards him impulsively.He kissed her before he answered, I believe so. It will believably be dangerous.What isnt dangerous?Exactly. Oh, yes, and Ive already sent for Magnifico, so hes probably coming too.You mean his concert at the Engine Factory will have to be cancelled.Obviously.Bayta passed into the next room and sat down to a repast that definitely bore signs of having been rassled-up. She cut the sandwiches in devil with quick efficiency and saidThats too bad about the concert. The girls at the factory were looking forward to it. Magnifico, too, for that matter. She shook her head. Hes such a queer thing.Stirs your mother-complex, Bay, thats what he does. Some day well have a baby, and then youll forget Magnifico.Bayta answered from the depths of her sandwich, Strikes me that youre all the stirring my mother-complex can stand.And then she laid the sandwich down, and was gravely serious in a moment.Torie.M-m-m?Torie, I was at City Hall today at the Bureau of Production. That is why I was so late today.What were you doing there?Well she hesitated, uncertainly. Its been building up. I was getting so I couldnt stand it at the factory. Morale just doesnt exist. The girls go on crying jags for no particular reason. Those who dont get sick become sullen. Even the little mousie types pout. In my particular section, production isnt a quarter what it was when I came, and there isnt a day that we have a full roster of workers.All right, said Toran, tie in the B. of P. What did you do there?Asked a few questions. And its so, Torie, its so all over Haven. Dropping production, increasing sedition and disaffection. The bureau chief just shrugged his shoulders after I had sat in the anteroom an hour to see him, and only got in because I was the co-ordinators niece and said it was beyond him. Frankly, I dont think he cared.Now, dont go off base, B ay.I dont think he did. She was strenuously fiery. I tell you theres something wrong. Its that same horrible frustration that hit me in the Time Vault when Seldon deserted us. You matt-up it yourself.Yes, I did.Well, its back, she continued savagely. And well never be able to resist the Mule. Even if we had the material, we lack the heart, the spirit, the will Torie, theres no use fighting-Bayta had never cried in Torans memory, and she did not cry now. Not really. But Toran laid a light hand on her shoulder and whispered, Suppose you forget it, baby. I know what you mean. But theres nothing-Yes, theres nothing we can do Everyone says that and we just sit and wait for the wound to come down.She returned to what was left of her sandwich and tea. Quietly, Toran was arranging the beds. It was quite dark outside.Randu, as newly-appointed co-ordinator in itself a wartime post of the confederation of cities on Haven, had been assigned, at his own request, to an swiftness room, out o f the window of which he could brood over the roof tops and greenery of the city. Now, in the fading of the cave lights, the city receded into the level lack of greenback of the shades. Randu did not care to meditate upon the symbolism.He said to Ebling Mis whose clear, little eyes seemed to have no further interest than the red-filled goblet in his hand Theres a saying on Haven that when the cave lights go out, it is time for the righteous and hard-working to sleep.Do you sleep much lately?No Sorry to call you so late, Mis. I like the night better somehow these days. Isnt that strange? The people on Haven condition themselves pretty strictly on the lack of light meaning sleep. Myself, too. But its different now-Youre hiding, said Mis, flatly. Youre surrounded by people in the waking period, and you feel their eyes and their hopes on you. You cant stand up under it. In the sleep period, youre free.Do you feel it, too, then? This miserable sense of defeat?Ebling Mis nodded slowly, I do. Its a mass psychosis, an unprintable mob panic. Ga-LAX-y, Randu, what do you waitress? Here you have a whole culture brought up to a blind, blubbering belief that a folk hero of the past has everything all planned out and is taking care of every little piece of their unprintable lives. The thought-pattern evoked has religious characteristics, and you know what that means.Not a bit.Mis was not enthusiastic about the compulsion of explanation. He never was. So he growled, stared at the long cigar he rolled thoughtfully between his fingers and said, Characterized by strong faith reactions. Beliefs cant be move short of a major shock, in which case, a fairly complete mental disruption results. Mild cases-hysteria, morbid sense of insecurity. Advanced cases madness and suicide.Randu bit at a thumbnail. When Seldon fails us, in other words, our prop disappears, and weve been leaning upon it so long, our muscles are atrophied to where we can not stand without it.Thats it. Sort o f a incapable metaphor, but thats it.And you, Ebling, what of your own muscles?The psychologist filtered a long draught of air through his cigar, and let the smoke laze out. Rusty, but not atrophied. My profession has resulted in just a bit of independent thinking.And you see a way out?No, but there must be one. Maybe Seldon made no furnish for the Mule. Maybe he didnt guarantee our victory. But, then, neither did he guarantee defeat. Hes just out of the game and were on our own. The Mule can be licked.How?By the only way anyone can be licked by attacking in strength at weakness. See here, Randu, the Mule isnt a superman. If he is finally defeated, everyone will see that for himself. Its just that hes an unknown, and the legends cluster quickly. Hes supposed to be a mutant. Well, what of that? A mutant means a superman to the ignoramuses of humanity. Nothing of the sort.Its been estimated that several million mutants are natural in the Galaxy every day. Of the several million, a ll but one or two percent can be detected only by means of microscopes and chemistry. Of the one or two percent macromutants, that is, those with mutations detectable to the naked eye or naked mind, all but one or two percent are freaks, fit for the amusement centers, the laboratories, and death. Of the few macromutants whose differences are to the good, almost all are harmless curiosities, unusual in some single respect, dominion and often subnormal in most others. You see that, Randu?I do. But what of the Mule?Supposing the Mule to be a mutant then, we can assume that he has some attribute, undoubtedly mental, which can be used to conquer worlds. In other respects, he undoubtedly has his shortcomings, which we must locate. He would not be so secretive, so shy of others eyes, if these shortcomings were not apparent and fatal. If hes a mutant.Is there an alternative?There might be. Evidence for mutation rests on Captain Han Pritcher of what used to be Foundations Intelligence. He drew his conclusions from the feeble memories of those who claimed to know the Mule-or somebody who might have been the Mule in infancy and early childhood. Pritcher worked on slim pickings there, and what certify he found might easily have been planted by the Mule for his own purposes, for its certain that the Mule has been vastly aided by his repute as a mutant-superman.This is interesting. How long have you thought that?I never thought that, in the sense of believing it. It is merely an alternative to be considered. For instance, Randu, suppose the Mule has discovered a form of radiation capable of depressing mental energy just as he is in possession of one which depresses thermonuclear reactions. What then, eh? Could that explain whats hitting us now and what did hit the Foundation?Randu seemed immersed in a near-wordless gloom.He said, What of your own researches on the Mules clown.And now Ebling Mis hesitated. Useless as yet. I spoke bravely to the mayor previous to the F oundations collapse, mainly to keep his courage up partly to keep my own up as well. But, Randu, if my numerical tools were up to it, then from the clown alone I could analyze the Mule completely. Then we would have him. Then we could solve the queer anomalies that have impressed me already. such as?Think, man. The Mule defeated the navies of the Foundation at will, but he has not once managed to force the much weaker fleets of the Independent Traders to retreat in plain-spoken combat. The Foundation fell at a blow the Independent Traders hold out against all his strength. He first used Extinguishing Field upon the nuclear weapons of the Independent Traders of Mnemon. The element of surprise lost them that battle but they countered the Field. He was never able to use it successfully against the Independents again.But over and over again, it worked against Foundation forces. It worked on the Foundation itself. Why? With our present knowledge, it is all illogical. So there must be f actors of which we are not aware.Treachery?Thats rattle-pated nonsense, Randu. Unprintable twaddle. There wasnt a man on the Foundation who wasnt sure of victory. Who would betray a certain-to-win side.Randu stepped to the curved window and stared unseeingly out into the unseeable. He said, But were certain to lose now, if the Mule had a thousand weaknesses if he were a network of holes-He did not turn. It was as if the slump of his back, the nervous groping for one another of the hands behind him that spoke. He said, We escaped easily after the Time Vault episode, Ebling. Others might have escaped as well. A few did. Most did not. The Extinguishing Field could have been counteracted. It asked ingenuity and a certain amount of labor. All the ships of the Foundation Navy could have flown to Haven or other nearby planets to continue the fight as we did. Not one percent did so. In effect, they deserted to the enemy.The Foundation underground, upon which most people here seem to rely so heavily, has thus far through nothing of consequence. The Mule has been politic ample to promise to safeguard the property and profits of the great Traders and they have gone over to him.Ebling Mis said stubbornly, The plutocrats have incessantly been against us.They always held the power, too. Listen, Ebling. We have reason to believe that the Mule or his tools have already been in contact with powerful men among the Independent Traders. At least ten of the twenty-seven Trading Worlds are known to have gone over to the Mule. Perhaps ten more waver. There are personalities on Haven itself who would not be unhappy over the Mules domination. Its apparently an insurmountable temptation to give up endangered political power, if that will maintain your hold over economic affairs. You dont think Haven can fight the Mule?I dont think Haven will. And now Randu turned his troubled face full upon the psychologist. I think Haven is waiting to surrender. Its what I called you here to tell yo u. I want you to leave Haven.Ebling Mis puffed up his plump checks in amazement. Already?Randu felt horribly tired. Ebling, you are the Foundations greatest psychologist. The real master-psychologists went out with Seldon, but youre the best we have. Youre our only chance of defeating the Mule. You cant do that here youll have to go to whats left of the Empire.To Trantor?Thats right. What was once the Empire is bare bones today, but something must still be at the center. Theyve got the records there, Ebling. You may learn more of mathematical psychology perhaps enough to be able to interpret the clowns mind. He will go with you, of course.Mis responded dryly, I doubt if hed be willing to, even for fear of the Mule, unless your niece went with him.I know that. Toran and Bayta are leaving with you for that very reason. And, Ebling, theres another, greater purpose. Hari Seldon founded two Foundations three centuries ago one at each end of the Galaxy. You must find that Second Foundatio n.

Includes limitations and recommendations for further research Essay

The Chinese banking industry has a prime role to finance the growth of chinaware by adapting orbiculate outstrip practices. Banks as HSBC are financing the growth across a wide swathe of people, businesses and nations. The Chinese Banking industry is rapidly adapting to the international financial mechanisms, adopting the best practices of some banking activities such as internet and ready banking, increased customer focus and bundling of serve ups.Bank of chinaware is providing a high level of service to its customers, which has been so accepted by two thirds of the populace that it has served. However there are number of areas in which there is scope for efficiency and better customer service where low scores in some case of a mere 30 % plus have been indicated which should be a cause of concern for the guidance and specific areas as indicated by the look for need to be addressed.The Bank of China bequeath have to invest greater technological as tumesce as management res ources in enhancing its internet banking clay sculpture to satisfy the customers, provide timely and efficient operate. Since large quanta of customers are likely to use the internet in the future, investment in this critical resource will prove to be greatly beneficial to banks. HSBC on the other hand has provided a good model of internet banking which other banks could well emulate.The trend is to a fault to induce customers to go on line and use the communication enabled services on offer including mobile and internet banking. A key facet which is noticeable in HSBCs services is bundling of personal services with travel insurance, travel money and even airport parking all into one large group and providing discounts on all three to varying degrees thereby adding to the convenience of the customer as well as enabling the bank to easily service him. Chinas banking sector is set to see two major challenges which will be faced by banks as BOC.The first which would be obvious from the study is the threat of contrasted banks such as HSBC which having a better experience of providing customer friendly services and with an ability to introduce innovative products which will be able to attract a large portion of the high time value and business clientele in the country. (BOC Global Offering, 2006). This is likely to see greater increase with Chinas accession to the WTO. In the beginning of 2007, foreign banks would be conducting commercial banking in foreign currency as well as Renminbi without any limitations of locations.(BOC Global Offering, 2006). The Chinese government is also encouraging the entry of foreign participation in the finance sector, particularly related to automobile financing and also in reform and restructuring of the financial institutions. (BOC Global Offering, 2006). The other challenge identified is the demand for high value products which can enable growth of economy as well as reduce the risk such as investment banking and insurance. T he need will also be felt for products relating to asset management.These could also extend support for underwriting during mergers and acquisitions and financing and securitization of projects. (BOC Global Offering, 2006). However as a competitive business entity, HSBC is focusing on the perceived growth areas such as credit cards and it is said to be teaming up with the Chinese Bank of Communications to provide credit cards to the large majority of Chinese who do not own one thereby creating vast business opportunities. (Schuman, 2006). The Bank of China could exploit such a strategy while at the same time fulfilling its social obligations in personal banking for the less privileged.A survey of the issues covered in the search will indicate that the lead banks of China are well set to undertake this challenging task of providing services of a global standard. An increased interaction with global banks as HSBC will prove beneficial for BOC to attain its ends as stated in its visi on of a, Market-driven, Client-oriented, World-class Financial services institution, a robust bodily governance structure, capable of delivering outstanding performance over a long term. (About Bank of China,. 2006).There were a number of limitations during this research first of all, the number of respondents to questionnaires is limited, because it is rough to collect information from large number of consumers due to constraints of time and resources. Secondly the subject being of a contemporary nature the response of the bank ply is restricted to the stated company policy. As also there is limited research material in terms of reference books on the specific subject, indeed there has to be reliance on sources provided by the two banks as well as journals and the internet.This limitation might induce some error in the research, however the researcher insisted on a precise approach, therefore the results of research are reliable. The Chinese banking industry provides a number of areas for further research. Detailed research can be undertaken on the impact of WTO on Chinese banking industry. In addition research on the role of the central bank in China in supporting financial autonomy and greater growth can also be undertaken.Adoption of best practices by other state banks of China could also be another area of study.References 1. About Bank of China. 2006. http//www. bank-of-china. com/en/ honey oil/third. jsp? category=ROOT%3Een%3EInformation+Center%3EAbout+BOC%3EAbout+Bank+of+China. ( 22 August 2006). 2. Agent. 2006. http//www. bank-of-china. com/en/common/third. jsp? category=ROOT%3Een%3ECorporate+Banking%3EOther+Services+in+Money+Management%3EAgent+Bank+Business. (23 August 2006).3. Assurance. 2006. http//www. hsbc.co. uk/1/2/business/insurance. (26 August 2006). 4. Bancassurance, 2006. http//www. bank-of-china. com/en/common/third. jsp? category=1099361248100. (23 August 2006). 5. BOC Global Offering. 2006. 202. 66. 146. 82/listco/hk/boc/prospectus/ pro060518. pdf . (26 August 2006). 6. BOCI. 2006. http//www. bank-of-china. com/en/common/third. jsp? category=1099540300100. (25 August 2006). Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )) Alternative paradigms in environmental education research The interpretive perspective.

A Mystery Note

The first a few(prenominal) notes of the deject clock prised open Ambers eyes and she stumbled out of bed, standing on an up-ended plug as she did so. She didnt have era for the pain she had a Spanish test first thing and with a spotlight of luck shed be able to catch the early bus to school so she could fit in a bit of revision before class. The floorboards creaked under her feet as she got changed. Everything here seemed to creak, the place was a clangour and she couldnt wait till she was darkened enough and more importantly have enough money to move out just that was unlikely.Ambers smell had fallen apart bit by bit since the day she was born. Apparently her mum was bewilder into a permanent coma after a car crash on her delegacy to the hospital. Amber supposedly was a twin nevertheless something happened to her sister and thats how she ended up here, in an orphanage that looked like it was passage to fall apart the minute another no-hoper walked through its doors.Get up Chloe, Amber said, Shaking her roommate vigorously in attempt to wake her up.Ill get up, just five more minutes, Chloe murmured sleepily but Amber had to leave in a minute and she knew Chloe would probably never get up so she grabbed the coers and chucked them to the other side of the room. Satisfied, she grabbed her bag and the watch she got two weeks ago from Chloe for her fifteenth birthday and set bump off for school.Amber managed to squeeze in a few minutes of revision before the test but It wasnt exactly easy getting folders out because the wind had picked up and by the time shed got to the classroom her normally neat black hair looked like something from Jeepers Creepers.The test took the best part of two hours too long, melodic theme Amber. She was relieved when the bell finally run and she practically sprinted out before Seniorita Belanto remembered about the homework due(p) today.Amber She nearly had a heart attack when the powerful voice of her manly P.E. teacher, Mrs Stevenson came booming at her.Yes, MrI mean, Mrs Stevenson? Amber said cheekily, wondering why the sudden need for her P.E. teacher to come move after her like an overweight lion.Some guy passed a note onto me to give to you, She grunted.She threw the piece of subject but Amber missed it and she had to crawl about the floor dodging numerous people who panorama walking backwards as fun as walking normally.Gotcha Amber shouted a midget too loudly as allone in the corridor stared at her on her hands and knees. She opened the piece of penning and readThanks a bunch for your help. I owe you one,Jay ConnorsWhat the? She said. She looked around for Mrs Stevenson but shed already been oblivious by the crowd. There mustve been a mistake, she hadnt helped someone, had she?After school she decided to walk home and on the way she asked a few people from school if they knew who Jay Connors was.Who? Most of them said, but she hit the bonus when she asked the new squirt in her Maths cl ass.You didnt think to ask me first, did you? He replied, grinning. Amber looked puzzlingly at him but then he explained.Im Matthew Connors, Jays brother, he grinned. Amber realised then that shed been stupid who better to ask than the only person in school with the equivalent surname as the mysterious Jay?If your looking for Jay hell be indoors by now.He pressed the traffic lights button and the green man showed a few seconds later. Amber stood were she had been for the past few minutes looking like an idiot. What now? Did he expect her to follow him?Matthew looked back, Come on then, what you wait for?Apparently Jay had been in a car crash yesterday and his car was a total wreck so he couldnt go to his work today. Amber was amazed at how he managed to cram every tiny detail into a space of two minutes. By the time they got there Amber seemed to have intercourse everything about Jay. They rang the doorbell and Jay answered.Hey Matt, Alex Nice to see you again. He saidAlex? Im no tIm Amber. This conversation was getting to be one of the most confusing of her life.What Jay began but Matt butted in.This is Amber, shes in my class.Jay looked like someone had just put one of Einsteins maths problems in front of him. Just then someone was walking along the pavage and Jay and Matt both looked stunned.AlexAmber move around and couldnt believe what she was seeing. It was like she was looking in the mirror. It was her. Alex turned round and saw Amber, buffet exploded on her face. Five minutes later Amber had forgot the shock because after a brief discussion with Alex, hope suddenly came into Amber sight. Was this her twin? Could this be mathematical? Could her mum be alive? She was, she had to be.Alex, dinners out. a figure emerged from a house but at the same time Amber heard a rumble and a huge shadow cast over her, all of the hope that had build up inside her was shattered as flight 755 rapidly illogical altitude. In a split-second the world had turned black and she only caught one glimpse of her mothers face.That was the first and give out time she ever saw it.

Visit to Сourt

?I have got a find out to visit address on 2, January 2014 with my group genus Phalluss Biagio Mauri for our law assignment. This is the scratch time of my life visiting to judicial system and we went to magistrate court rough 1pm. That court is located in 363 George Street Brisbane QLD 4001, opening and closing hours is 830-430. When we arrived infront of the court I liveliness alittle nervous because I have never been to any court. My group members asked me to turn despatch all of my electronic devices.In entrance there are some sign of no food / crisp and turn off electronic devices. I stepped into the entrance and the first thing I see is security measures fair sex with desk in front of the court. She was friendly and asked us to step back to x-ray machines which is use in airport or any other security check . Then she asked us to come champion by one, so that my group member would go first and I was waiting him outside of the entrance. subsequently she checked my gr oup members bag with metal detectors as she asked me to come in and she did the like way.After security check, we ahead to information counter and we saw some people were asking virtually the court dwell that related to their grimaces. So we qued for a little while and we got reach our trun. My group member pass along to receptionist that we are student doing law assignment and which room we need to go. Then she said room 36 is just started and pointed us to get there. I felt so excited to get into the room as I saw auto double door to get into the room. I became noniced everyone is quiet and we took guide in give way place.Although I knew that I need to be quiet but my group member remind me to be quiet. After we sat raven,I started to discover the circumstances. There were few people sitting with us. The come across of the judge was Carmody T and he looked greate on his formal black suit with the white collar. His place was the highest positon of the room and he was sitt ing. At the second positon, I saw a typist women and she was typing around the case. At the last positon I saw one lawyer and one policeman who standing were had conversation with the judge.I saw around 4 or 5 police infront of the 2 small glass room that they made with defensive glass for protect people from the accuse abuse I guess. After I did sightseeing ,the first accuse was already got judgement . So I started focus on second accuse case and listened carefully. Before the accuse come, the lawer talked about the case. That case was nature of crime about theft case, the police woman took the accuse man from the door behind that glass room. The judge asked that accuse man that he feel gulity or not. He said he felt gulity so that judge continue ask about what he did steal.He admited that he stolen $4658 cash from the high school. Finally the judge made the decision that he postulate to give fine $2000 and sent to prison for 6 months. In conclusion, I got a lot of knowledges ab out the court by visiting magistrate court in brisbane Australia. I experienced about how the judge and lawyer analysis the case and the court procedure. When I left that room I did bow my head down as other people did. I realized how court is important for a countrty, if court does not exist we cannot exactly know what is justice.

A Sample Position Paper

A SAMPLE POSITION PAPER Globalization A revolution to What? groom, Benjamin R. Introduction to jihad vs. McWorld (New York Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. back off to the Future Neomedievalism and the postmodern Digital World Economy, Globalization and administration (London Routledge, 1999. After the bloody clashes between anti-globalization protesters and the police in Genoa, globalization is once again on the demesnes docket and it is here to stay.A dream to few and a nightm atomic number 18 to others, globalization is a widely debated distinguish among journalists and scholars, among intellectuals of all profiles, business people and decision-makers alike. Benjamin R. Barber, Walt Whitman professor of political science, and Stephen J. Kobrin, professor of multi state of matteral management, both bond the discussion, each giving his own vision of what the post-modern future of this globalized world ability look like. In jehad vs. McWorld Barbers fragmented and at the same time integrated world is terminally post-democratic (20).It is pulled apart by twain opposing forces disintegrating ethnic hatreds and unifying mechanisms of global economy, none of which cares much for civic society and cultivated liberties. In Barbers terminology Jihad stands for the blind parochialism of any kind, but primarily for tribal instincts that tear countries apart and buzz off bloody wars. McWorld epitomizes the world of consumerist capitalism unified by commerce, entertainment and consumerism that knows no borders. Although Jihad seems like a more obvious threat to democracy, McWorld is no less dangerous because both are enemies of the sovereign nation states and of democracy.Barber warns that democracy might be collateral damage from the confrontation between globalization and parochial fragmentation. While Barber is primarily interested in the fate of democracy, Kobrin gives a great deal of upkeep to the problem of state sovereignty in the increa singly integrated world. In Back to the Future Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy the key issue is the anticipated transformation of state sovereignty into modernistic forms of political loyalty. Kobrin argues that sovereign state as we know it-firmly unsexd within certain territorial reserve borders-is rough to change profoundly, if not to wither away.National markets are too small to be self-sustainable which challenges the meaning of territorial boundaries between states. Both authors acknowledge that sovereignty, defined as unambiguous authority, is threatened. Whereas Barber finds that alarming, Kobrin takes this as a historic inevitability modern state system, based on mutually exclusive jurisdiction, whitethorn be an anomaly kinda than a historically privileged form of political organizations. Kobrin argues that we should look at the medieval world for the answers to how the future might look like.Medieval analogy offers a world of overlapping multip le government activity and absence of fixed boundaries. It is a world of multiple political loyalties-to emperors, to the pope, to feudal lords-which are complex rather than linear. Kobrins modern analogy is European Union, with its overlap of national, regional and supra-national authorities. The medieval metaphor seems attractive, but Kobrin forgets that the world of the nerve Ages was highly decentralized rather than unified, and in that sense radically divergent from our own.Medieval feuds, as economic units, were self-sufficient and isolated-everything that modern markets are not. Kobrin himself argues that the integrated economy requires a strong central authority, perhaps not yet in the form of world government but certainly through stronger international organizations such(prenominal) as WTO. Clearly, this is a different kind of authority than a pope or an emperor might have had in medieval world. Is medieval analogy applicable at all? If we follow Kobrins reasoning, it appears that the modern world will require more rather than less authority.Nation-states sovereignty may be eroding, but, as a result, we have an increasing supra-national authority instead of a loose authority of the medieval type. Barber, on the other hand, may be launching an artificial wave-particle duality. While McWorld sounds like an apt metaphor for globalization, Jihad seems to be a superficial, emotionally charged term with multiple meanings. Barber draws on Yeats and Mary Shelly to define this heritage of race, the force of tribal instincts, ancient hatreds, and fundamentalism. Although doubtless poetic, the concept of Jihad, as described by Barber, is confusing.He takes a few examples of ethnic conflict, such as Bosnia or Rwanda, and declares they are but a aspect of the tribalisation phenomenon, but he does little to support his thesis. Did Bosnia really fall apart because of ancient, tribal hatreds? Barber overlooks the fact that peoples of Bosnia have been living pe acefully with one another much longer than they have waged wars. reducing complex conflicts to an oversimplified, poorly defined phenomenon such as Jihad helps Barber support his shaky Jihad-McWorld dichotomy but does little to persuade the reader that Jihad exists as such.Barbers and Kobrins views seem diametrically opposite whereas it may simply be that they are considering different issues. There is little common ground between them in terms of problems they are interested in. They both take McWorld for granted, though. Neither challenges globalization nor tries to imagine the world as something other than globalized, digital, and integrated. Even Barber who laments over the destructiveness of Jihad admits that McWorld is the winner in the long run. Although they have different agendas, they are telling essentially one and the same thing-the future belongs to McWorld.What with democracy, Barber asks? Everyone will be a consumer, but what will happen to citizens? For Kobrin, howe ver, the problem does not exist just as we have civil societies within states today, in the future they will be replaced by global civil society with its miscellanea of state and non-state actors, NGOs, transnational movements. Are Barber and Kobrin debating at all? Their visions of the world in the future are not mutually exclusive. Barber comes up with a bold notion that not even nations ground main players today, but tribes.His description of balkanization, tribalization and awakening of atavistic forces among peoples evokes images of semidark Middle Ages. Barber warns that our refining is beginning to resemble medieval past in which the world consisted of warring fiefdoms unified by Christianity in our world, Bosnian Serbs and alike wage their ethnic conflicts while both the aggressors and the victims eat the same BigMacs, wear jeans and maintain MTV. It seems that he is also looking at the world through medieval prism, albeit from its dark side. It is precisely the dark si de that Kobrin avoids confronting.He is intentionally focused on the practicalities of managing the world in the future so he lefts out of the picture the unpleasant details. Fragmentation is one of the issues that he chooses not to consider although he acknowledges that some authors, such as Kaplan offer a less optimistic vision of the world torn by refugee migration, private armies, collapse of nation state and civil order with it. Kobrins only response to this grim divination is little more than hope One hopes that such an age is not part of the neomedieval metaphor, hat a new and more terrifying barbarian is not on the horizon (183). Walled communities and private security forces that he admits appear increasingly today could be, Kobrin still hopes, only ephemeral products of a world in diversity and not a permanent characteristic of the postmodern era (183). Barber, Benjamin R. Introduction to Jihad vs. McWorld (New York Ballantine Books, 1996) Kobrin, Stephen J. Back to the Future Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy, Globalization and Governance (London Routledge, 1999.